以環境行為觀點探討單身榮民宿舍之公共空間－以台北市某單身榮民宿舍為例

The research of the public space of a single veterans dormitory from the viewpoint of environmental behavior －A case study of a single veterans dormitory in Taipei

董壽山(Shou-Shan Tung)

指導教授 ： 陳政雄

中原大學/設計學院/建築研究所/碩士(2004年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu200400668

摘要

有鑑於高齡化現象與老年榮民獨居等問題，引發研究者探究單身榮民居住環境的動機。本
研究之目的如下：
一、瞭解單身榮民居住環境的問題，包括基地區位條件、空間規模與組織、管理服務以及室內
性、過渡性、戶外性公共空間等。
二、探討高齡者因生理機能衰退、心理特性及社交方面等，反映出對軟硬體設備的特殊需求。
三、透過本研究結果瞭解單身榮民需求之公共空間，歸納出具體的改善建議供為參考。
研究者先釐清研究對象之背景與屬性，藉由文獻回顧、參與觀察與訪談等方法，來發掘研
究對象的日常生活作息。從外在行為的發生，嘗試地去理解與詮釋研究對象對空間環境的反應
意識，並配合訪談法來瞭解其內在的情感、態度與價值判斷。
本研究將採以「半結構式訪談」（semi-structured interviews）的方式進行，經由高齡者的口
語論述及本研究之論述分析，針對公共空間的問題與需求加以探討，以期望能達到符合單身榮民
居住環境的需求為目的。在訪談前，研究者針對單身榮民的背景、屬性及實質環境調查與行為活
動的參與觀察後，將所得資料彙整、分析，研擬出訪談綱要。
基於上述的研究分析結果，提出下列的研究發現與建議：
一、整體居住環境的問題：（一）、基地區位條件：本基地的區位可提供高齡者一個步行可及的鄰
里環境設施。（二）、空間規模與組織：在硬體方面，服務設施老舊與明顯不足，各幢建物與
戶外空間缺乏凝聚、向心性。而軟體方面，缺乏群體的休閒、社交活動。（三）、管理服務：
在管理上缺乏約束力，在服務上缺乏設置服務社工、護理人員。（四）、室內性公共空間：應
考量行動不便者的尺度傢俱及注意環境的安全、衛生、舒適與空間氣氛的營造。（五）、過渡
性公共空間：應保持行走路徑的淨空、避免高低差的舖面及提供輔助設施（兩側扶手、休憩
座椅等）供高齡者使用，以確保行走安全。（六）、戶外性公共空間：針對環境的維護（攤販
任意擺設、戶外空間的違建與隨意的曬衣等問題）以及提昇休閒品質、增進社交活動的產生
提出建議。
二、高齡者對軟硬體設備的特殊需求：（一）、生理性方面：1.應建立緊急呼叫系統，意外發時能
立即通報2.應提供多樣的食物選擇及經由營養師來調配膳食，並提供單餐外送制3.增設電梯
協助行動不便者上下樓。（二）、心理性方面：1.人格特質的影響：經由軟體部分（群體的休
閒、社交活動）及硬體空間設施的改善，增進高齡者與人互動的契機。2.高齡者更換寢室的
意願並不佳。3.獨居的高齡者藉由飼養寵物來尋求精神上的寄託。（三）、社會性方面：1.行
動不便或很少外出活動的高齡者，應設有專人定時查訪或由社工人員協助。2.成立志願服務
團隊，增進高齡者彼此的互動與維護環境的整潔。
三、綜合歸納出各公共空間（室內、過渡、戶外性）及增設部分的改善建議圖說。

關鍵字

高齡者 ； 公共空間 ； 單身榮民 ； 環境行為

並列摘要

The problems of a high-age society and old veterans (or “honored citizens”) that live alone attract the motivation of studying old single veterans’ living environment.
The purposes of this research as below:
1. Try to find out the problems of old single veterans’ living environments that include: conditions of location, space scale and organization, service management and indoor, outdoor and interim public space.
2. To study the special needs in hardware and software of aged veterans with inferior physical, psychical and social situation.
3. Through this study, we can understand what kind of public space that old single veterans need and conclude solid suggestions as a reference.

First, researcher analysis the research subjects’ background and characterization. By studying documentary materials, observing and interviewing, we understand the research subjects’ daily life pattern. From their outside behavior, we try to find out and interpret what is the space environment ideology of research subjects, meanwhile by interview them we understand their emotion, attitude and value judgments.

This research adopts the methods of semi-structured interviews, which are via aged veterans oral describe. The study analyses focus on the problems and needs of public space. Before interview, researcher observes single veterans’ background, characterization, investigate practical environment and behavior activity then summarize analysis and design the compendiums of interview.
Base upon above-mentioned research analysis outputs; researcher proposes the research discoveries and suggestions as below:
1. The problems of entire living environment:
(1). Conditions of location: the location should provide aged veterans with walking distance environmental facilities.
(2). Space scale and organization: On hardware, service facility worn-out and shortage, buildings and outdoor space lack of integration and centripetal. On software, lack of groups leisure and social activities.
(3). Service Management: Lack of binding force in management and short of social workers and nurses in services.
(4).Indoor public spaces: require the furniture designed for handicapped, safety, hygiene, comfortable and space atmosphere of environment.
(5). Interim public spaces: Keep the walking path clear, avoid uneven pavements and provide supporting facilities (handrail on both sides, resting seats…etc.) for the aged veterans for assurance of walking safety.
(6).Outdoor public spaces: Suggests for keeping environment clean and tidy (street venders spread, illegal buildings of outdoor and clothes hang up at public area) and promoting leisure quality, increasing social activities.
2. The special needs of software and hardware facilities for the aged veterans:
(1). Physical: 1.) Establish emergency calling system: once accidents happened could call for help immediately. 2.) Provide variety choices of food that should designed by nutritionist and meals delivery. 3.) Build more lifts to help handicapped.
(2). Psychical: 1.) The effects of personality: via software (groups leisure, social activities) and hardware space facilities improvement to increase the opportunity of communication between the aged veterans and others. 2.) Aged veterans unwilling to change their bedroom. 3.) Alone aged veterans seeking mental supports from having pets.
(3) Society: 1.) There should be social workers timely visit the handicapped and the aged veterans who seldom go out. 2.) To organize volunteer’s services group increasing the activities of the aged veterans interact and keep the environment clearance.
3. Conclude every public space (indoor, interim, and outdoor) and add up part of improving suggestions via illustrating schemes.

並列關鍵字

Public Space ； Single Veteran ； The aged ； Environmental Behavior

參考文獻

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