雙模式控制之多相直流/直流轉換器

新一代處理器之高效能穩壓模組(VRM)，必須能夠符合包括高功率密度、高輸出電流能力、低輸出電壓偏移以及快速暫態響應等嚴苛且具挑戰性的規格要求。目前最普遍採用的VRM電路拓樸係一種多相降壓型直流/直流轉換器。傳統上採用的電壓及電流模式控制方法，其負載暫態響應速度並不夠快。而較慢的響應需要較多的輸出電容以至於造成成本及空間的增加。若提升切換頻率以加速響應則會產生效率及熱的問題。使用遲滯模式控制, 其零件的公差及電路板的佈線會造成切換頻率的變動。而操作在寬頻率範圍則會造成效率最佳化以及電磁干擾防治上的困難。本論文研究一種具有雙模式控制之多相直流/直流轉換器，所提出架構具有高效率、簡單控制和快速暫態響應的優點。此模式結合電壓及遲滯模式控制，可操作在單相且可放入積體電路中而不增加成本及空間。其電路操作原理及相關設計準則均被詳細分析及討論。本論文實際製作一部具20V輸入電壓、1.3V輸出電壓和最高可提供80A負載電流之四相雛型電路，以電腦模擬和性能測試來驗證所提出方法的可行性，其結果令人相當滿意。

關鍵字

雙模式控制；穩壓模組；多相直流/直流轉換器；暫態響應

並列摘要

High performance voltage-regulator-modules (VRMs) for the new generation of microprocessors have many strict and challenging specifications that include high power-density, high output-current capability, low output-voltage deviation and fast transient-response. The most popular VRM topology is a multiphase buck DC/DC converter. With traditional voltage-mode and current-mode control schemes, the response is not fast enough during large load transients. The slower response requires more output capacitors with additional cost and space. If switching frequency is increased for faster response, it could cause efficiency and thermal problems. With Hysteretic mode control, its switching frequency is influenced by component tolerance and PCB layout. The operation of wide frequency range causes difficulties in efficiency optimization and Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) treatments. In this thesis, a multiphase DC/DC converter with a dual control mode is studied. The presented scheme combines voltage and Hysteretic control modes and has the merits of high efficiency, simple control and fast transient response. It can be used for single-phase also and built in integrated circuit without additional cost and space. The operating principles and design criteria are analyzed and discussed in detail. A 1.3V four-phase laboratory prototype with 20V input voltage and 80A maximum load was simulated and tested to verify the feasibility of the proposed scheme. The results are satisfactory.

並列關鍵字

Transient Response ； Dual Control Mode ； Multiphase DC/DC Converter ； Voltage Regulator Module

參考文獻

[1] E. Stanford, “Power Technology Roadmap for Microprocessor Voltage Regulators,” in Proc. Power Sources Manufactures Associations Conf., Feb. 2004.

[4] Intel Corp., “Intel Pentium 4 Processor 660,650,640 and 630 Datasheet,” Feb. 2005.

[5] K. Yao, Y. Ren, F. C. Lee, “Critical Bandwidth for The Load Transient Response of Voltage Regulator Modules,” IEEE Trans. on Power Electronics, Vol. 19, No. 6, pp. 1454-1461, Nov. 2004.

[6] Intersil Corp., “ISL6215 Data Sheet,” Nov. 2001.

[9] C. Qiao, J. Zhang, P. Parto and D. Jauregui, “Output Capacitor Comparison for Low Voltage High Current Applications,” in Proc. IEEE PESC’04, Vol. 1, June 2004, pp. 622-628.

國際替代計量

雙模式控制之多相直流/直流轉換器

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