國小自然與生物科技領域-光行進方式實驗的改善

An improved demonstration on "light path in natural science and teachnology"course in elementary school

廖保珠(Bow- Ju Lou)

指導教授 ： 楊嘉喜

中原大學/理學院/化學研究所/碩士(2003年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu200500354

摘要

中文摘要
從南一版、國民小學自然課本第五冊、第二課、第二單元－光的前進方式；在光的前進方式單元上又包括了反射與折射的課程活動。在實驗活動中，經過實驗上的實做與驗證，我發現光的反射、光的折射(光線經由空氣再進入水)，與課本上所做的結果不一樣。我邀集了三年級自然科的科任教師，並做個深入的瞭解與證實：雷射光線經空氣再進入水的折射實驗，我們已得知，在實驗中並沒有明顯看到光線行走的路徑，只有看到雷射的紅點，或者是很隱約可看到一絲絲的雷射線。基於以上的疑惑與討論，便興起我再進一步的探討與研究。
這次實驗活動設計的目的，是以自己實驗活動的設計跟南一版實驗活動的設計之間做個比較。並使自己設計的實驗活動，能使課程內容上能再加深、再加廣。並且從這些設計實驗活動課程中，我們可以提昇學生對科學教育的興趣；以及擴展學生對“動手做”的樂趣。並能體驗到“動手做”的益處。
在光的折射、鏡子的反射、光線經過凸透鏡的實驗中，分別以加檀香與沒有加檀香的設計作為主要的區別。課本上沒有加檀香所呈現出來的結果與我們有加檀香的結果是否有不一樣的地方？光線行進路線是否可以看的更清楚？並且在觀察折射與反射之間，光線的行走路徑是否可以看得更清晰？(以雷射筆作為光源)。
所以在實驗活動中，以下列七種不同的實驗設計，改善並加深實驗課程的內容。(1)自來水(2).自來水＋少許鮮乳(1 ml )(3).自來水＋少許鮮乳(1 ml )＋檀香煙(4).凸透鏡＋雷射光線(5).凸透鏡＋雷射光線＋檀香煙(6).鏡子＋雷射光線(7).鏡子＋雷射光線＋檀香煙之間的關係，做一系列的比較。並由這些的比較，可以比較出哪一項的設計，對於雷射光線行進的路徑是為看得最清楚的方法。
由實驗結果可以知道，自來水加鮮乳並加(大約10.1~10.3公分)的檀香所燃燒的檀香煙(也就是檀香剛放進去時，在檀香煙量少的情況下，在這種條件下，雷射光線行走路徑是最容易被看出來的。
而凸透鏡＋雷射光線，以加檀香煙為最佳的結果。要加檀香煙，它的檀香量，以燃燒(大約5.1~5.3公分)的檀香，並且檀香已燃燒了5分鐘時間的檀香煙；也是在煙多的條件下是為最好的，因為雷射光線行走的路徑是很明顯被看到的。
透明培養皿＋雷射光線，使用(大約5.1~5.3公分)的檀香所燃燒產生的檀香煙且燃燒檀香五分鐘的時間所得的檀香煙，為效果最好的。
鏡子＋雷射光線的反射，是以加檀香煙為最佳。要加煙的話 ，以燃燒(大約5.1~5.3公分)的檀香所產生的煙，並且檀香是剛放進去時燃燒所得的檀香煙效果為最好；也就是在這種條件下光線行走路線是最容易被看出來的。

關鍵字

光行進方式實驗的改善-國小

並列摘要

Abstract
As covered under the Nan Yi edition of the elementary school Nature Science textbook in volume 5, lesson two, segment 2 – the medium in which light propagates, the segment that covers the medium in which the light propagates is further divided into the curricular activities of light refraction and deflection. During the experience following lab work and due validation, I have come to realize that the results of light refraction and deflection, referring to light that passes through air before entering water, is different from that cited in the textbook. Thereafter I have invited other third grade nature science teachers for in-depth deciphering and validation: from the reflective experience taking to the path of laser light beam that passes through air to enter water, we can reasonably conclude from the experiment that there has not been an ominous light path but only the red dot of the laser, or at best only traces of laser luminance. The foregoing leeriness and discussion have led us to want to further explore and study the phenomenon.
The purpose of the experiment activities has been to compare the design of my own experience with that of the experiment activity covered under the Nan Yi version. It is also aimed at improving the depth and width of the course using self-devised experiment activities, and inspiring the students with greater interest in science through such design experiment activities, as well as aspiring the students to realize the fun of hands-on experimenting and realizing the beneficial yield of such hands-on experience.
In the experiments of deflection and light passing through convex lens, a major design distinction has been the incorporation of with and without the sandalwood incense. With be which, we attempt to address the questions concerning how different would the textbook example that did not incorporate the sandalwood incense from our experience that incorporates the sandalwood incense, or can the light path be visible to human eye in a more distinct manner, or whether the light path can be more clearly visible through and deflecting, using the laser pen as a light source.
As a result, seven distinct experiment have been devised to conduct the experiment activities and with which to increase the depth and width of the subject matter. A series of concise comparisons are to be made attempting to establish a correlation based on the seven distinct mediums of, 1) tap water; 2) tap water + a few drops of milk; 3) tap water + a few drops of milk (1ml) + sandalwood incense fume; 4) convex lens + laser beam; 5) convex lens + laser beam + sandalwood incense fume; 6) mirror + laser beam; 7) mirror + laser beam + sandalwood incense fume. The comparisons made would allow us to decide which one of the designs offer the best medium with which to observe the path the laser beam propagates.
The experiment findings revealed that under the criteria of burning sandalwood incense against the medium of tap water mixed with a few drops of milk sandalwood burning fume during initial placement, would yield a preferred medium with which to observe the path of the laser beam.
While under the criteria of convex lens + laser beam, the addition of sandalwood fume is seen to bring forth the best results. To add the sandalwood fume, a best timing would to be to let the sandalwood burn down by roughly 5.1 to 5.3 centimeters and over a duration of five minutes. Or rather that it is desirable to have ample fume as a requisite to bring forth the path of the laser beam.
Taking to the medium of the reflection obtained through a Petra dish + laser beam incorporating sandalwood fume by burning the sandalwood down by 5.1 5 to 5.3 centimeters over a duration of five minutes on the Petra dish would yield the best results.
While the medium of mirror + the reflection of laser beam has been proven the best when added with sandalwood fume. To incorporate the fume, it is preferable to let the sandalwood burn down by approx. 5.1 to 5.3 centimeters and the results being the best during the initial state when the sandalwood is first placed, meaning that under such criteria, the path of light progress can most easily be observed.

並列關鍵字

〝light path in natural science and technology 〞

參考文獻

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