白柚樹葉部精油成分之研究

Study on the Components of Leave Extract of Citrus Grandis Osbeck

張謙鈺(Chien-Yu Chang)

指導教授 ： 謝博進

中原大學/理學院/化學研究所/碩士(2005年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu200500593

摘要

中文摘要
柚樹屬芸香科植物，而芸香科植物的精油常作為香料之主要原料。且柚樹之果實長年以來為民間所食用，且其葉部又為本省客家族食用習性中蒸之調味香料，其柚樹之花、果、葉、根在藥理中均有中醫上之藥效。
由苗栗縣西湖鄉所採集之白柚葉經清洗、風乾、絞碎後置入三口燒瓶中，行水蒸氣蒸餾，而水層以溶劑萃取。經濃縮、鹼處理可得中性精油。此中性精油再以管柱色層分析進行單離與純化，並以GC、GC-MS、FT-IR、NMR等光譜或圖譜確認葉部所含精油之成分，並與紅柚葉部之成分相比較。
在碳氫部份中共確認了o-Cymene、Limonene、3-Thujene、Ocimene、δ-Elemene、Copaene、β-Elemene、α-Santalene、β-Cubebene、β-Caryophyllene、Aromadendrene、τ-Muurolene、β-Selinene、α-Muurolene、γ-Cadinene、Calamenene等16個成分。在含氧部份中共確認了2,6-Dimethyl-5-hepten-1-ol、Isopulegol、β-Citronellal、β-Citronellol、Menthoglycol、Spathulenol、Caryophyllene oxide、Hexahydrofarnesylacetone、Isophytol、Phytol等10個成分。
白柚與紅柚葉部精油之比較，以滯留時間為主軸，照其先後次序排列。分為碳氫部份與含氧部份，比較兩植物的成分與各成分之含量，並討論其差異性。在碳氫部份中，紅柚之葉部精油以γ-Elemene與β-Caryophyllene為主要成分，而白柚則以β-Caryophyllene為主要成分。其他相同成分有Limonene、Copaene、β-Elemene、Aromadendrene、α-Muurolene、γ-Cadinene。
在含氧部份中，白柚與紅柚之含氧部差異頗大。紅柚以Phytol為主，而白柚以Caryophyllene oxide與β-Citronellol為主。相同成分有Caryophyllene oxide與Phytol。

關鍵字

白柚葉部精油

並列摘要

Abstract
The essential oil of Citrus grandis Osbeck (Rutaceae) is used as the major ingredients of flavors. The fruits of Citrus grandis Osbeck are usually consumed, and the leaves are used as food flavoring by the tribe of Hakka in Taiwan. The other parts of Citrus grandis Osbeck are also used as herbal galenical in traditionalChinese medicine.
The leaves of white pummelo of Citrus grandis Osbeck were gathered in Miaoli, Taiwan. The essential oil was obtained from the leaves of Citrus grandis Osbeck by steam distillation and solvent extraction before treated with base to remove the acidic compounds. The components of the essential oil were separated by column chromatography and identified with gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID), gas chromatography-mass spectrometer detector (GC-MSD), Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). Twenty six components were identified as o-cymene, limonene, 3-thujene, ocimene, δ-elemene, copaene, β-elemene, α-santalene, β-cubebene, β-caryophyllene, aromadendrene, τ-muurolene, β-selinene, α-muurolene, γ-cadinene, calamenene, 2,6-dimethyl-5-hepten-1-ol, isopulegol, β-citronellal, β-citronellol, menthoglycol, spathulenol, caryophyllene oxide, isophytol, hexahydrofarnesylacetone, and phytol.
Comparison of the identified constituents of white pummelo to red pummelo was also performed by comparing the hydrogenated and the oxygenated portions of the leave extract. In the hydrogenated fraction, γ-elemene and β-caryophyllene were two major constituents in the leaves of red pummelo, while β-caryophyllene was the only major constituent in white pummelo. Leaves from both plants contain limonene, copaene, β-elemene, aromadendrene, α-muurolene, γ-cadinen in the hydrogenated fraction. In the oxygenated fraction, phytol was the major constituent in the leaves of red pummelo, while caryophyllene oxide and β-citronellol were the major constituents in the white pummelo.

並列關鍵字

Citrus grandis Osbeck

參考文獻

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