- 學位論文
以毛細管電泳技術檢測重金屬離子
Determination of Heavy Metal Ions by Capillary Electrophoresis
摘要
地球是我們全人類共同的故鄉，擁有得天獨厚的環境，適合各類生物生存。但是目前由於地球環境被人類嚴重破壞，各類難題，例如空氣污染、水污染、噪音污染、垃圾問題等一一湧現。人體有百分之七十以上是水，因此特別是水污染的問題更是直接威脅人類及其他生物的生存，急需尋找解決之道。而發展一套檢測水中重金屬的方法，便是解決水污染問題的第一步。 檢測水中重金屬離子的方法已發展多年，已經建立檢測水中重金屬離子的方法有很多，目前最常被使用的是原子吸收光譜法及感應耦合電漿質譜法，雖然該技術廣泛被利用，但仍有其美中不足之處，因此，本研究使用近幾年發展迅速的毛細管電泳分析技術作為分析工具，利用其快速、便宜、簡便、廢液少、所需樣品量少等優勢，建立一套檢測水中重金屬的方法。 毛細管電泳的偵測波長為265 nm。毛細管有效長度為49 公分，毛細管內徑為50 μm。樣品的注射秒數為5秒，注射高度差為26公分。 當毛細管分離管柱的潤洗條件為以0.1 N 鹽酸潤洗一分鐘，接著以去離子水潤洗四分鐘，最後以緩衝溶液潤洗四分鐘後上機測試，使用緩衝溶液為50 mM氫氯化胲加0.1 mM 1,10-二氮雜菲，在分離電壓25 kV 的最佳化條件下，可在七分鐘內，成功分離銅、鎘、鈷、鎳、釩、鋅等六種重金屬離子。遷移時間再現性的相對標準偏差為0.37 %~0.94 %間，注射面積再現性的相對標準偏差為0.54 %~1.78 %間。除此之外，本研究所建立的方法亦可成功應用於實際樣品的測試中。
並列摘要
Water is an essential substance to human lives. At present, due to the various pollutions caused by humans, the earth’s environment has been damaged severely. Water pollution has taken a turn for the worse and directly threatens the existence of humans and other forms of life. Thus, it is urgent to find a solution to the problem. Developing a method of detecting heavy metal in water is the first step to solving water pollution. There are many developed methods for heavy metal ions detection. Currently, two methods being employed commonly are Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Although these methods are being used widely, there are still insufficiencies. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to use capillary electrophoresis to analyze heavy metal ions in water. This technology has been developed rapidly in recent years and possesses a number of advantages such as fast, inexpensive, and convenient. To employ this technology, first of all, we need to precondition the capillary column with 0.1 N HCl for 1 minute, then rinse with water for 4 minutes. Finally, we rinse the capillary column with buffer for 4 minutes. After these preconditions, we inject the sample, which has been added with enough 1, 10-phenanthroline for 5 seconds. Then we use 25 kV voltages for separation. Under ideal situation, which refers to the separation buffer as 50 mM hydroxylamine hydrochloride and 0.1 mM 1, 10-phenanthroline, we can resolve out cadmium ion, cobalt ion, copper ion, nickel ion, vanadium ion, zinc ion successfully in seven minutes. This method has been applied to actual sample detection successfully as well. The application of this methodology is comparatively convenient and straightforward.