文學的宗教敘事：遠藤周作論「罪」與「惡」

Literature and Religious Narratives: On Endo Shusaku’s concepts of “Sin” and “Evil”

劉懿慧(Yi-Hui Liu)

指導教授 ： 曾慶豹

中原大學/人文與教育學院/宗教研究所/碩士(2005年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu200500615

摘要

提要

遠藤周作以其文學藝術成就在日本文壇中居承先啟後的地位。 在遠藤文學之軌跡中可見其「罪」與「惡」兩大主題脈絡。 目前學界對於遠藤周作之研究少有將其作品中「罪」、「惡」之思想一併討論。 本論文以遠藤周作小說「海與毒藥」、 「我‧拋棄了的‧女人」、「 白晝的惡魔」、「 深河」、「 醜聞」 為主要文本，探討遠藤周作敘事中「罪」與「惡」的思想。

身為作家的遠藤以天主教徒的立場發言，對非基督徒的讀者扮演信仰啟蒙師的角色。 他指出在某些沒有基督宗教神觀念下的人擁有恥感，卻缺乏罪意識的性格，以及存在於人類社會例如醫院與軍隊中結構性的罪、將罪窄化的問題 、記憶與罪的關係。 而他筆下的罪人同時也是弱者。遠藤以文學形式處理罪人與弱者的雙重身份。 他將對弱者的關懷下注在作品中，給予罪新的意義與價值，當人意識到自己的罪性、有限性時，得以有機會感受神靈的俯視，聆聽上帝的聲音，從而產生尋求神的契機。 遠藤相信對於罪人而言仍有救贖的可能性。

另外潛藏在人犯罪行為、犯罪意識背後的惡，更是人必須去面對的。 遠藤周作認為人有著對於弱者施壓強力的衝動，而肉慾與性空虛也使人發現到潛藏內心的惡。 遠藤周作認為惡不同於罪 是一種能使人墮落沉淪、愈陷愈深的慾望 ，但人終究得以藉由愛德力量將慾望轉化為光明的面向。

關鍵字

罪與惡 ； 遠藤周作 ； 文學與宗教

並列摘要

Abstract

Endo Shusaku is in a leading position in the literary circles of Japan because of his great achievement in literature. Sin and evil are two major topics in the traces of his literature, but there are only few researches of Endo’s work in current academic circles combine these two topics. So the research of this thesis focus on the Endo’s novels such as “Sea and Poison”, “The Woman that I abandoned ”, “Demon of the Daytime”, “Deep River”, “Scandal”, in order to study the major thought of sin and evil in the narratives of Endo.

Endo spoke to the non-Christian people in the position of a Catholic and brought them spiritual enlightenment in his writings. He suggested that some non-Christian people without the Christian concept of God have the sense of shame, but lack for the consciousness of sin. And he unveiled the structural sin existing in the components of society such as hospitals and army, the problems of narrowing the sin, and the relationship between memory and sin. Sinners in his writings are also weaklings, and he described the double-identity of sinner and weakling in the literary form. He wove his concern for the weaklings in his works, and he granted the sin new meanings and values. The awareness of human sinful nature and inadequacy is also the chance for humanity to sense the divine gaze and hear the voice of God, and be further more in the search of God.

Endo believed that there is still the possibility of redemption for the sinners. Besides, people must face the latent evil hiding in the criminal action and consciousness. Endo thought that there exist the urge of oppression to the weaklings in the human nature, and the lust and sexual emptiness also show the latent evil. Endo distinguished evil from sin, and defined evil to be the desire making humanity deeply depraved. But humanity can transform this desire into brightness by the power of love and virtue.

並列關鍵字

Endo Shusaku ； literature ； Religious Narratives ； Sin and Evil

參考文獻

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