從宣教神學到政治神學－台灣基督長老教會神學的範式轉移及其批判

From Missiological to Political Theology:A Critical Reflection on the Paradigm Shift of the Theologies in the Presbyterian Church in Taiwan

黃以諾(Eno Huang)

指導教授 ： 歐力仁

中原大學/人文與教育學院/宗教研究所/碩士(2005年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu200500628

摘要

自1970年代開始，面對台灣國內外政治情勢的動盪不安，擁有一百多年宣教歷史的台灣基督長老教會秉持著信仰良心，以發表聲明、宣言與參與社會運動的方式來表達它對國家、人民、土地的熱愛。隨著教會與社會之間互動關係的轉變，以往由外籍宣教士帶來具有濃厚西方文化色彩的基督教神學同樣也面臨社會處境變遷與本土意識覺醒的挑戰。有鑒於此，一群以台南神學院為中心的神學工作者，以第三世界、亞洲以及台灣教會宣教的困境與自身受壓迫的經驗，對西方神學傳統提出質疑外，並且期盼透過對經文、歷史的重新詮釋，或是聆聽苦難人民的聲音，或是找出基督的亞洲形象、說人民的故事等「處境化」方式的嘗試，為基督教福音有效的宣揚盡一份心力。
　　本論文即是探討並評論台灣基督長老教會此一神學思潮中四位代表性人物－黃彰輝「宣教神學」、宋泉盛「亞洲神學」、王憲治「鄉土神學」與黃伯和「出頭天神學」的神學主張。藉由分析四位的作品，以及以目前長老教會總會所推行的宣教事工－「新眼光讀經運動」與「社區宣教」為例，不僅試圖呈現長老教會神學主流思想的演變過程外，更要突顯出長老教會如何以上述的神學立場與實際的行動來認同台灣的歷史、社會與人民，也就是如何由西化的教會轉化成本土型態的教會。最後，基於信仰、關心教會的立場，筆者認為有必要對此一影響教會甚大的神學取向與發展進行檢視與反省的工作。筆者深信，惟有立足於基督信仰的脈絡中，才能不偏不倚地反映基督之真理。

關鍵字

鄉土神學 ； 政治神學 ； 亞洲神學 ； 台灣基督長老教會 ； 宣教神學

並列摘要

Since 1970s, in face of political turbulence in Taiwan and abroad, the Presbyterian Church in Taiwan, which has been carrying out missionary work in Taiwan for over 100 years, has made declaration on the involvement of social movements to express its love toward the nation, people, and land. As the interaction between the Church and society changed, Christian theology with Western culture and introduced to Taiwan by foreign missionaries also faces challenges of social transition and wakening of the native consciousness. Therefore, a group of theological workers from Tainan Theological College and Seminary has raised questions concerning the Western theological tradition based on the predicament and repression in the missionizing experience of churches in the third world, Asia, and Taiwan, and attempted to pass on the gospel through reinterpretation of the Bible and history, listening to the voices of the suffered, identifying the Asian image of Jesus Christ, telling the stories of people, and other approaches that put the objective into context.
　　This study discussed and commented on the four representative figures from Tainan Theological College and Seminary in this theological movement, specially, the theological arguments of “missionary theology” by Shoki Coe, “Asian theology” by Choan-seng Song, “Homeland theology” by Hsien-chih Wang, and “Chhut Thau Thiⁿ theology” by Po-ho Huang. This study analyzed the works of the four figures with examples of “Reading the Bible with New Eyes” and “Community Mission” programs promoted by the Presbyterian Church. It not attempted to present the evolution of the mainstream trend of thoughts in the Presbyterian Church but also intended to highlight the actions that the Presbyterian Church had taken, based on the abovementioned theologies, to identify with the history, society, and people of Taiwan, in order words, its transformation from a Western church to a local church. Lastly, Based on religious belief and concern for the church, the researcher urges the necessity to review and retrospect on the development of the theological orientations that had significant influence on the church, and believes that only in the context of Christian belief could the truth of Christianity be reflected.

並列關鍵字

Asian Theology ； Presbyterian Church in Taiwan ； Homeland Theology ； Political Theology ； Missionary Theology

參考文獻

30.張瑞雄，《台灣人的先覺－黃彰輝》，台北：望春風文化事業股份有限公司，2004。

10.吳文雄，〈台灣基督長老教會本土化之研究〉，《台灣神學論刊》，第九卷，1987年，頁49-66。

29.黃伯和，〈為什麼要以新眼光讀聖經？〉，《新使者》，第五十一期，1999年，頁9-10。

31.鄭仰恩，〈新眼光「新」在哪裡？〉，《新使者》，第五十一期，1999年，頁5-8。

4.Cheng, Yang-En, “What New Song Shall We Sing?”; A Review of the Theory and Practice of Asian Theologies from a Taiwanese Perspective, Taiwan Journal of Theology, 23 (2001), pp. 161-199.