直流無刷馬達無感測驅動電路設計及研製

Design and Manufacture of Sensorless Drive Circuit for Brushless DC Motor

吳嘉霖(Chia-Lin Wu)

指導教授 ： 范憶華

中原大學/工學院/機械工程研究所/碩士(2005年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu200500678

摘要

摘要
直流無刷馬達因為高效率及高轉矩的特性，使其被廣泛的應用於伺服驅動系統，並利用電子電路代替傳統直流馬達的碳刷及整流子，使其能夠高速運轉並且增加系統的可靠性。通常，為了使馬達能順暢的轉動，直流無刷馬達驅動器需要位置感測器提供適當的換相順序訊號，但感測器安裝不僅會增加馬達的成本及體積，而且降低系統的強健性。因此如何在沒有感測器的狀況下，完成馬達驅動變為一重要的課題。
本研究主要的目的為實現直流無刷馬達無感測驅動器的研製，藉由數位訊號處理器配合系統電路、驅動及保護電路等周邊電路的設計完成直流無刷馬達驅動器。本論文以Toshiba公司所生產的TMP88CS43晶片做為數位訊號處理器，其為專門設計為馬達控制的晶片，幫助我們更方便完成馬達控制。在馬達轉子位置偵測方面，當馬達以 導通控制時，其定子三相線圈在任何時刻僅有兩相線圈會有電流流過，而藉由偵測未導通相反電動勢的零交越點，再將此訊號延遲 ，便可做為馬達換相的依據，而此訊號便可代替霍爾元件等感測器偵測到的換相訊號。
根據實驗，在不同轉速下比較無感測電路偵測到的零越點訊號與霍爾感測器的換相訊號，證明了轉速在1800轉到6000轉之間，本研究設計的無感測電路可以取代霍爾感測器。因此，完成直流無刷馬達無感測驅動的目標。

關鍵字

直流無刷馬達 ； 無感測控制 ； 驅動電路

並列摘要

Abstract
Brushless DC motors are receiving much attention for drive application because of their high efficiency and high torque. BLDC motors can rotate in high speed and increase reliability of the system because they are without brush and commutator. Generally the drive for the BLDC motor requires a position sensor for providing proper commutaion sequence to turn on motor smoothly. But the sensor increases the cost and size of the motor, and it will reduce the robustness of system. So it becomes important in how to drive motors without sensors.
This study is dedicated to design sensorless drivers of the BLDC motor. The drivers are combined digital signal processor (DSP) with peripheral circuits, which include power system, drive and protect circuits. The chip TMP88CS42 that is produced by TOSHIBA contain programmable motor driver. And it is easier for us to drive motor. When the motor is driven by 120° conduction, the current flows in only two phase at any time, leaves the third motor terminal floating. The zero crossing of back EMF of the floating phase can be detected to determine the commutation sequence without Hall sensors.
According to compare signal of sensorless circuit with signal of Hall sensor, it proves that the sensorless drivers of the BLDC motor can be in place of Hall sensor, and completes our objective.

並列關鍵字

drive circuit ； sensorless control ； BLDC

參考文獻

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