古蹟建築物防火與管理策略之研究

Study on the Fire Prevention and Management Tactics for Ancient Heritage Buildings

洪榮良(Jung-Liang Hung)

指導教授 ： 雷明遠 ； 胡寶林

中原大學/設計學院/室內設計研究所/碩士(2005年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu200500805

摘要

台灣歷經了原住民時期，殖民文化，戰爭動亂，以及各國文化的洗禮，因此在建築形式上具備了相當多的移民與殖民，形成台灣今天一個多元、多樣性的傳統建築特色。其中具有文化意義及當地特色之代表性建築，因建築界先進們多年致力於保存與再利用，文化資產保存的運動已積極地展開，也引起了大眾對於文化資產保存的重視。現今國內已訂定有關古蹟保存法令，並廣泛尋求如何修復古蹟及活化歷史空間的再利用方式。古蹟因為本身具有不可替代性，故防範古蹟建築物及相關文物之火災危害便更加顯得重要。然而古蹟並不同於現代建築物，當代的建築相關防火法規規定並不適用，因此其防火措施規劃亦須與現代建築物之防火規劃有所區分。
為獲得古蹟建築在防火安全上有效的防火措施及管理方式，本研究藉由檢討國內各類型古蹟在防火防災上之相關研究以及文獻之案例分析、審視國內古蹟在保存管理依據之法源，並探討古蹟防火安全方法及分析其適當性，同時暸解到古蹟防火最重要之因素。經由實地調查首先發現國內古蹟在一般防火措施上疏忽之處及較適當可行的防火方式，加以整理出各影響古蹟防火安全的重要因子，建立起「重要文物保護計畫」、「日常維護管理」、「建築物本身防火能力」、「輔助滅火設備」、「火場搶救」等五項準則，其下各有3至7個影響因素。再藉由專家問卷層級分析法（AHP），予以評比得到各因子之間權重關係。最後研究結果中顯示古蹟修復與防火學專家們偏重之防火要因不盡相同，但仍有較具共識部份，包括文物搶救計畫、文物防護系統、週遭環境規劃等10項要因。據此，本研究進一步擬定出針對古蹟建築進行維護及活化計劃時應加以審慎考慮的防災防火安全對策，以供國內古蹟建築管理、使用、修護有關單位參考。

關鍵字

古蹟建築物 ； 層級分析法 ； 防火安全 ； 防火管理

並列摘要

Taiwan has gone through aborigine period, colonization culture, war & turmoil and culture baptism by various countries; therefore it had created the architecture style containing numerous immigrant and colonization styles, and the diverse and varied traditional architecture features in Taiwan. For ancient architectures with cultural meaning and local features have been preserved and reused by the predecessors of architecture community devotedly; for many years, the preservation of cultural heritage has been promuleated positively and arouse the public to regard it. There has been the preservation legislation of ancient heritage building in Taiwan, and seeking the solutions for retrieving ancient heritage building and revive the reusing manner of historical space comprehensively. The ancient heritage building is unsubstituable, so what it is important to prevent the historical architectures and relevant cultural relics from fire haird; however, because the conditions of ancient heritage building are not the same as modern building, it is not suitable to adopt the fir regulations of modern modern building to apply on ancient heritage building, neither is the fire prevention measure.
For obtaining the effective fire prevention measure and management manner of fire safety in historical building, this research has reviewed relevant researches with regard to fire and disaster prevention in various types of ancient heritage building and some studied cases from literature, surveged legislation sources for the preservation and management of ancient heritage building in Taiwan, and investigated the fire safety measures for ancient heritage building and its appropriateness, as well as conderstanding the most important factors of fire prevention in ancient heritage building.
This research has found out the defects common neglectedin the fire prevention measure, and more feasible fire prevention measures through on-site investigation, and screened out some important factors that influence the fire safety of ancient heritage building to establish five standards, namely, “Protection program of important cultural relics”, “Daily maintenance and management”, “Fire prevention ability of the building itself”, “Auxiliary fire extinguishing facility”, and “Fire fight and emergency rescue at the scene of fire”, and under each one standard there are three to seven laffecting factors. Furthermore, the weight relation of each factor has been evaluated through the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), by means of expert questionary. Finally, it has shown that the important fire prevention factors emphasized by the groups of fire expert and ancient building retriering expent are not exactly the same; however, there were still some common views between two groups, including ten significant factors, such as emergent rescue project of cultural relics, prevention system for cultural relics, surrounding environment planning and so on. Therefore, this research has made a further step to draw up the proposal of tactics on disaster and fire prevention that reguired to be considered carefully while carrying out the maintenance and revival project of ancient heritage buildings, and provided to institutions relevant to management, utilization and maintenance in Taiwan as reference, guidance.

並列關鍵字

ancient heritage building ； analytic hierarchy process(AHP) ； fire safety ； fire management

參考文獻

【24】簡豪裕（2004）。台灣傳統寺廟古蹟防火策略之研究。中原大學建築學系碩士學位論文，桃園縣中壢市。

【21】潘玉芳（2003）。台北市古蹟保存歷程的回顧與探討。中原大學室內設計系碩士學位論文，桃園縣中壢市

參考文獻：

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