高科技產品存貨成本優化策略

Inventory Cost Optimization Strategy for High Tech Products

許炳輝(Ping-Hui Hsu)

指導教授 ： 黃惠民

中原大學/工學院/工業工程研究所/博士(2006年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu200600002

摘要

由於科技日新月異，高科技產品不斷推陳出新，帶動市場的蓬勃發展，也引發競爭激烈的環境，企業必須著重成本的管理與控制以獲得競爭優勢。
本論文探討影響高科技產業產品成本的三種重要變數，並發展存貨成本模式。此三種變數為 (1)存貨持有成本 (2)運輸成本 (3)保固成本。 正確的評估成本將有助於瞭解產品的價值，以顧客的觀點評估產品的價值將是產品行銷的核心。在供應鏈上游，在有效期限制下有季節型態需求之損耗商品，其存貨模式過去文獻很少提及。而在供應鏈下游，當新產品上市後原產品之售價下降之現象亦常發生，卻很少學者注意。本研究考慮上述問題，並建議供應商合作模式以達到雙贏的目標；本文也提供經濟運輸成本的觀念與產品保固成本的評估，希望對於產品運輸的處理與售後服務的成本有所貢獻。
全文主要內容如下：第一章介紹研究背景、動機、範圍及目的；第二章為文獻探討；第三章討論確定性需求之存貨模式，在有效期限制下季節性需求之損耗品，探討最佳訂購補貨策略；第四章為延伸在第三章的條件下討論買賣雙方之整合與回收策略；第五章討論不確定性需求之存貨模式，在買方之需求不確定，賣方之前置時間不確定，且隨新產品上市後原產品售價下降之環境下，探討最佳訂購策略；第六章探討在買方需求不確定，賣方之前置時間不確定之環境下，兩個（或多個）供應商之整合方式；第七章討論產品運輸成本及保固成本的議題。本章發展一”經濟運輸成本”的數學模式，藉此模式可研發一軟體，以快速處理現代供應鏈中產品運送路線及交通工具，以達到最少運輸成本之目標。另外，以金錢的時間價值精確評估產品的延伸型保固成本；第八章為結論及未來研究之方向。本文並提供實例說明及敏感度分析以說明其數學理論。

關鍵字

存貨 ； 有效期 ； 損耗品 ； 高科技產品

並列摘要

Due to the advanced technology, high tech industries must invest in new product development to sustain market demand and development. Cost management and control have always been important issues for enterprise especially in controlling inventory holding, shipment and warranty costs. This study develops an inventory cost model and explores the effect of three variables on the cost of high tech products. The three variable costs are (1) inventory holding cost, (2) shipment cost, and (3) warranty cost. Ability to measure accurately the cost incurred will allow the right value for the product to be set. The estimation of value from the customer's point of view is central to the determination of market offerings. Inventory models with deterioration, season pattern demand, and expiration date have received very little attention from researchers. Decreasing selling price for a market has received little attention in the past years. This study deals with the above problems and considers supplier involvement in high tech product development. This study also proposes the concept of Economic shipment cost and product warranty to the shipment and marketing strategy.
The content of the thesis are as follows: Chapter 1 is devoted to background motivation, research purpose, scope and thesis organization. Chapter 2 focuses on literature review. In Chapter 3, a deterministic demand inventory model--Optimal lot sizing for deteriorating items with expiration date, is considered. Chapter 4 focuses on supplier-retailer coordination. Two policies -- Coordination policy and Return policy are presented for comparison. Chapter 5 considers a stochastic demand inventory model. This chapter develops a model with decreasing selling price and salvage value for a market with new products introduction. Chapter 6 proposes a horizontal suppliers coordination with uncertain suppliers deliveries and uncertain customer demand by sharing the information of their production, inventory and delivery status with each other. Chapter 7 discusses the issue on logistics and service including the shipment cost and warranty cost. Conclusion and further research are given in Chapter 8. In this study, mathematical models are developed; numerical examples and sensitivity analysis are given to illustrate the model.

並列關鍵字

High tech products ； Deteriorating items ； Inventory ； Expiration date

參考文獻

Aaker, D. A., 1996, Measuring Brand Equity Across Products and Markets, California Management Review 38 (3), 102-20.

Abad, P. L. and V. Aggarwal., 2005, Incorporating transport cost in the lot size and pricing decisions with downward sloping demand, International Journal of Production Economics 95(3), 297-305.

Andersen, P. and P. R. Christensen., 2005, Bridges over troubled water: suppliers as connective nodes in global supply networks, Journal of Business Research 58(9), 1261-1273.

Apostol, T. M., 1977, Mathematical Analysis, Addison-Wesley, Taiwan, 60.

Balkhi, Z. T., 2001, On a finite horizon production lot size inventory model for deteriorating items: An optimal solution, European Journal of Operational Research 132(1), 210-223.