氧化鋅避雷器之維護及線上監測技術

Maintenance and On-line Monitoring Technolgies of Zinc Oxide Arresters

陳世榮(Shih-Jung Chen)

指導教授 ： 周至如

中原大學/工學院/電機工程研究所/碩士(2006年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu200600018

摘要

雷擊是台灣電力系統的重大天然災害，雷擊引起之事故佔總事故之一半，對電力系統的衝擊很大，嚴重影響供電的安全性及可靠性，故台電公司採行各種對策來極力降低雷擊事故，其中避雷器是保護供電設備及線路所必備的裝置，避雷器的功能是在雷擊時，防止突波電壓及電流傷害被保護的線路及設備，若其功能失常或損壞不但無法保護線路及設備，甚至本身亦會引起電力事故，其中最常見的是造成接地故障及本身炸毀，因此，如何維持避雷器功能正常及提前發現其功能失常預知其故障，以便防範於未然，是今後重要的課題，此有賴於良好的維護及線上監測。
由於電力系統避雷器數量龐大、型式繁多且系統可停電的時間非常短，在有限的人力下停電維護的週期很難縮短，因此，較可行的措施是加強線上(活線)監測，以預知避雷器的故障，傳統避雷器的線上監測僅能由現場安裝的放電計數器、洩漏電流表及感測元件或可攜式勾式電流表量測之，且須靠人工讀取分析，其作業緩慢效率不佳且常發生誤判，成效有限。
近年來已有運用新科技發展的線上監測技術，可大幅提昇線上監測的效率及精確度且可做趨勢分析，以判斷避雷器的功能防範事故於未然，本報告將整理及評估避雷器之性能及介紹傳統維護及監測方法，然後特別再針對氧化鋅避雷器的新型線上監測技術加以介紹及評估，因為氧化鋅避雷器已廣於應用在電力系統中，文中最後將舉一實際的案例來評估氧化鋅避雷器新行線上監測技術的可行性，並提出一些建議以供推廣之參考。

關鍵字

氧化鋅避雷器

並列摘要

Lightning striking is very severe natural disaster on the taipower system. Half of the power system faults comes from lightning striking, so the impact of lightning on power system is very large and thas severely affects power system safety and reliability. Taipower compancy had adopted various strategies to protect the system from lightning striking for reducing faults where the arresters are necessary devices for protecting equipments and lines of power system. The main function of arrester is used to bypass the damages lightning surge voltage and current away from equipments and lines to be prctected. If the arresters are malfunctions or damages, not only lines and equipments can not be protected but also even lead to faults on power system. The most common faults are ground faults and the arresters are burn out by the lightning surges, Hence, how th maintain the arresters with normal functions and how to know the arresters failures in advance for preventing induced disasters are very important issueses hereafter. These rely on well maintenances and on-line monitoring on arresters.
However, the maintenance period of arreter usually can not be shortened due to the protected equipments and lines can not be out of service freguently and large amount of arresters without enough human labor for maintenance. The feasible solution is to enhance the on-line monitoring for the premonition of arresters. The conventional arrester on-line monitoring is implemented by using field installed discharge counters, leakage current meters and sensor or by portable clamped leakage current meters which are all handeled by personal and thus usually low efficiency, low accuracy and even misjudgement on arrester conditions. In recent years, new technologies for arrester on-line monitoring are developed which will large improve the on-line monitoring efficiency and accuracy results. Moreover, the tendency of arrester conditions can be analyzed and used to fine out the failures of arrester in advance. In this report, the data of the performances and characteristics of arrester is colleted and evaluated and the conventional maintenance measurement and on-line monitoring techniques are described.
Then, the new technologies of on-line monitoring of zinc oxide arrester are introduced and evaluated particularly due to the zinc oxide arrester had wiedly used in the power system. Finally, a practical case of using a new on-line monitoring technogy for zinc oxide arrester is described and evalucted and its feasibility is assessed. Some recommendations for promoting the new on-line monitoring technogy for zinc oxide arresters are proposed.

並列關鍵字

Zinc oxide arresters

參考文獻

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