- 學位論文
金融機構合併法重整公司之債權讓與—強制執行程序之停止爭議
The assignment of the claim of a reorganizing company under The Financial Institutions Merger Act - The discussion in regard to the suspension of compulsory enforcement
摘要
摘要 金融機構體系是否健全，與國家之經濟景氣息息相關。而在民國八十年間，國內銀行如雨後春筍般之成立，在過度競爭之環境底下，導致金融機構之授信作業無法確實，使我國金融業資產品質急遽惡化，不良資產之比率過高，進而嚴重危及金融業健全之營運。同時，一九九七年東南亞所產生之金融風暴事件，雖未有對我國經濟上產生直接之影響，但金融風暴之原因之一即係資產品質惡化、呆帳金額過度龐大所導致。在因金融體系內部資產的紊亂所導致東南亞金融風暴之前車之鑑下，我國認為如未能即刻改善國內金融體系之資產品質，難保不爆發金融危機。金融機構合併法即於此等背景下所立法產生。 金融機構合併法中，除就金融機構間之合併提供良好之法律環境，促進金融機構整合以增強國際競爭力外，另對於金融機構之不良資產債權之處理，設置了專門處理機構，即為資產管理公司（Asset Management Corporation，簡稱AMC）。透過收購金融機構所持有之不良資產債權，有效減輕放貸銀行之放款壓力。但此等不良債權於回收上已有一定難度，為使有人願意成立資產管理公司專門處理不良債權，立法上即給予了相當之優惠措施，金融機構合併法第十八條、第十五條之規定：債權讓與之通知得以公告代之、債務人公司於受重整裁定前即受讓不良債權者，不受重整程序之限制等均屬之。 公司重整制度之設計，乃係透過法院之監督下，調節債權人、股東、及其他利害關係人之權利，透過公司現有之財產或其繼續營運之所得，以圖公司企業之維持與更生。若此時有債權人對該公司進行強制執行程序，其財產勢必因執行之結果而有減損，據此，公司法特於第二百八十七條第一項、第二百九十四條，就公司於聲請重整後，強制執行程序便將受到限制而產生停止之效力。 但金融機構合併法在立法上給予資產管理公司之優惠中，如不良債權之債務人於受重整裁定前，資產管理公司即已受讓該筆債權，則可不受公司法之限制，繼續對債務人行使權利並為強制執行。惟如此之設計是否妥適，又是否將會影響公司重整之設計目的，本文以強制執行實務上所遇之實際案例，並輔以實務上關於此等情形中，強制執行程序應如何進行之裁定，探討此等優惠措施所將可能遭遇之問題，並提出興革建議，作為日後修法之參考。
並列摘要
Abstract The prosperity of a country’s economic situation is closed related to whether it has a sound financial institution system. During the year 1991 to 2000, domestic banks in Taiwan have been sprung up like mushrooms. The intensive competition between them cause the loose of loan business, which resulted in the deterioration of the assets quality and the increase of the non-performing loans（NPLs）of financial institutions. Although the financial crisis happened in Southeast Asia in 1997 did not directly and deeply affect Taiwan’s economy, now we have the similar characteristics that those countries had at that time. If we do not improve this situation, chances are the financial crisis will happen again in Taiwan, therefore, “The Financial Institutions Merger Act” is demanded to be legislated under this atmosphere. The Financial Institutions Merger Act provides some well legal conditions for merger in order to enhance the international competitiveness of domestic financial institutions. Besides, it designed the Asset Management Corporation（AMC）to deal with the NPL problems of the financial institutions. The bank’s pressure from loaning business will be reduced through selling the NPLs to AMC under the design of the Act. To encourage the establishment of the AMC, the legislators provide many preferential measures to help them to do so, including the notice of assignment of the claim may be made by public announcement, and for the claims under NPLs of a financial institution that have been assigned or the compulsory enforcement thereof has been initiated before the company borrower is under reorganization, exercise of such claims or compulsory enforcement may continue after the company borrower is under reorganization without being subject to the restrictions under the Company Act. The mechanism of company reorganization is trying to harmonize the rights among the company’s creditors, shareholders, and other interested parties under the court’s supervision, and to help the company to be rehabilitated through preserving its current assets and increasing its income from keep it operating. If a creditor applies for compulsory enforcement procedure to a company during its reorganization, which must be resulted in the decrease of the company’s property, therefore, the Paragraph One, Article 287and Article 294 of the Company Act stipulate that after a ruling for reorganization is rendered, all procedures of bankruptcy, composition, compulsory execution and other litigation involving property shall be suspended in due course. However, according to the Financial Institutions Merger Act, the claims under NPLs of a financial institution that have been assigned or the compulsory enforcement thereof has been initiated before the borrower is under reorganization, exercise of such claims or compulsory enforcement may continue without being subject to the restrictions under the Company Act. The thesis will discuss if the choice of legislation is appropriate and the problems it may happened through analyzing the reorganizing case of Allied Material Technology Inc., and many other judicial rulings regarding to compulsory enforcement procedure in addition. At last, the thesis will bring up some suggestions to help reforming the Act in the future.