- 學位論文
核電廠主控制室作業轉換對運轉人員工作負荷之影響
The Effects of Task-Switching on Operators’ Workload in Nuclear Power Plants Main Control Rooms
摘要
不管是傳統核電廠還是進步型核電廠，運轉員在主控制室中的操作行為都是透過感官接收顯示盤面上的資訊和警報，經過大腦進行資訊處理後，再執行操作動作。一般而言，研究認為人類的資訊處理活動分為感官接收外界資訊並進行處理的非生理動作，以及執行操作時的生理動作，這兩種不同模式切換的過程，勢必伴隨著心智模式轉換與適應性的問題，此類因為作業轉換(task-switching)而形成的工作負荷，即是本研究想要了解的議題。 本研究以台電龍門發電廠作為分析對象，並根據龍門電廠的人因驗證與確認 (Human Factors Verification & Validation Phase 2, HF V&V-2.5) 報告中，對運轉員在主控制室模擬器上進行異常及緊急事故劇本演練活動所做的紀錄內容，利用時間序列分析法(Timeline Analysis)求出工作負荷，並以兩種不同的作業型態進行分析：第一種是生理動作的前項作業亦為生理動作，此為沒有作業轉換的型態；第二種是生理動作的前項作業為非生理動作，此為有作業轉換的型態，探討運轉員的工作負荷是否會因為作業轉換而有所變化。研究結果發現，作業轉換對反應器運轉員(Reactor Operator, RO)的工作負荷沒有顯著影響，原因可能是前後項動作的相關程度較高導致；然而，輔助反應器運轉員(Assistant Reactor Operator, ARO)的工作負荷卻因為作業轉換而顯著下降，原因可能是ARO的生理動作比例偏高且大多屬連續動作，才會導致工作負荷在作業沒有轉換時偏高。本研究提供核電廠實務面的作業轉換分析結果，預期可作為運轉員作業配置之參考。
並列摘要
In both traditional and advanced nuclear power plants, operators receive information and alarm messages on the control panels in the main control room. Operators perform actions manually after information processing. In general, operators will not perform any physical actions during the stage of information receiving and processing. The process of switching between these two different modes may induce mental model and adaptive problems. That is the objective of this study. This study takes Lungmen Nuclear Power Plant (LNPP) as the analysis object. The Human Factors Verification and Validation Phase 2 of LNPP is a report which contains all the operating record of scenarios during the V&V phase. This simulator has exactly the same operating environment within the main control room. Therefore, this study used the data gathering from the timeline analysis, and divided it into two types of analysis. The first one is “task switching” type, the second one is “no task switching” type. Results of this study found that the reactor operator (RO) was not significantly affected by task switching. The reason probably is the high relevance between two tasks. However, the assistant reactor operator’s (ARO) workload is significantly decreased by task switching. The reason may be the high proportion and continuity of physical actions. It will lead to high workload in no task switching situations. This study contributes to the task arrangement for operators, and provides workload assessment of operators. Results of this study are important for nuclear power plants main control room operation management.