In this study, hydrothermal method was employed to synthesis the GdMn2O5 nanorods. Different rod sizes were growth by annealing procedure in different temperature. X-ray and electrical measurements system were used to characterize characteristic the crystal structure, dielectric constant of these obtained samples. The x-ray diffraction results show an unusual variation of Mn-O bond at 26 K in 80 nm sample. On the other hand, variable-temperature high-frequency dielectric measurement system and x-ray diffraction have the same result, This implies that the Magnetoelectric coupling is controlled by the size effect. And the critical size of GdMn2O5 nanorods is in between 80 and 60 nm along c axis.