環境議題對企業全球運籌策略與經營績效之影響

The Impact of Environmental Issues to Global Logistics Strategies and Business Performance

李巧玉(Chiao-Yu Li)

指導教授 ： 郭怡君

中原大學/商學院/國際經營與貿易研究所/碩士(2012年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu201200238

摘要

1990年初以來，由於環保法規和消費者的壓力，促使許多企業開始將環境議題相關因素納入供應鏈管理的考量之中。企業在面臨全球性的競爭壓力之下，必須不斷的評估、配置他們的生產和配送系統，盡可能以較低的成本來提供顧客所需的服務。然而，運籌活動被視為環境污染和溫室氣體排放的重要來源，這對人類健康和生態環境產生有的害影響。回顧過去文獻，企業納入環境議題的研究，多半以企業綠色管理、逆物流、綠色供應商評選的建置等為主題，在環境議題對於企業全球運籌佈局的影響，則少有人探討。故本研究將探討在納入環境議題的考量下，是否對企業的全球運籌策略和經營績效產生影響以及其影響程度。
本文運用結構方程模式(SEM)來分析環境議題對企業全球運籌策略和經營績效的影響。本研究提出三個研究假說：1.環境議題對企業全球運籌策略有顯著的正向影響。2.全球運籌策略對運籌績效有顯著的正向影響。 3.在環境議題的考量下，企業全球運籌佈局模式對財務績效有顯著的正向影響。本研究發現，台灣企業在制定全球運籌策略時，會將環境因素納入考量，其主要原因是為了降低額外的遵守成本、法規風險和名聲風險。且在制定全球策略時，企業為了提升其運籌績效，部分企業加入環境因素考量後，會因此改變原本的策略模式，希望可以藉此達成環境與績效雙贏之局面。
然而，企業在面對環境相關因素時，為了達到國際環保標準，會開始進行環境管理。其對企業所造成的成本相當可觀，會增加額外的內部成本。由其是台灣的產業結構多為中小企業，這些額外的環境支出會對其財務結構造成更大的衝擊，所以就短期而言無法提升財務績效。但就長期觀點而言，企業在進行全球運籌佈局時，將環境議題相關因素納入考量，會提升顧客對此企業之觀感，有利於提升企業形象、競爭力及市場佔有率。

關鍵字

結構方程模式 ； 全球運籌策略 ； 運籌績效 ； 環境議題 ； 財務績效

並列摘要

Since early 1990s, environmental regulations and consumer pressures have encouraged many companies to add the environmental component to supply chain management. Facing the continuing challenge, global corporations have to constantly evaluate and configure their production and distribution systems to provide the desired customer service at the lowest possible cost. However, the logistics activities are regarded as significant sources of environmental pollution and greenhouse emissions, which have harmful impacts on human health and ecosystem quality. Reviewing the literature, the most factors studies concerned are cost, time response, inventory control, transportation, sourcing and customer service. Little research has explored the effect of environmental issues on global logistics, such as reverse logistics, green supply chain. Therefore, this paper will examine the impact of environmental issues to global logistics strategies and business performance.
In this paper, we apply a structural equation modeling (SEM) to examine the impact of environmental issues to the global logistics strategies and business performance. Three research hypotheses were proposed. 1. Whether environmental regulations, cost and risk have a positive effect on global logistics strategies.2.Whether global logistics strategies have a significant effect on logistics performance. 3. Under the environmental issues, the global logistics strategies have a positive effect on financial performance. As seen, when developing global logistics strategy, Taiwanese enterprises take the environmental factors into consideration mainly to reduce additional compliance cost, regulatory risk and reputation risk. When developing global logistics strategy to improve logistic performance, some enterprises will change original logistics strategy model due to the addition of the consideration of the environmental factors, expecting to achieve the win-win results in terms of environment and performance.
However, enterprises will start to conduct environmental management to increase additional internal cost to meet the international environmental protection standards when facing environment-related factors. In particular, most Taiwanese enterprises are SMEs, and such additional environmental expenditures will cause negative impact on the corporate financial structure; hence, financial performance cannot be enhanced in short term. In the long term, taking into consideration of environmental issues in global logistics positioning will improve the customer perception, corporate image, competitiveness and market share of the enterprise.

並列關鍵字

financial performance ； structural equation modeling ； global logistics strategy ； Environmental issues ； logistics performance

參考文獻

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