因應彈性與好奇心對存在孤獨與存在意義之影響

The Effects of Coping Flexibility and Curiosity on Existential Loneliness and Existential Meaning

王小蘊(Hsiao-Yun Wang)

指導教授 ： 譚偉象

中原大學/理學院/心理學研究所/碩士(2012年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu201200410

摘要

存在心理治療理論認為存在孤獨感與存在意義是人所必然面對的兩個終極關懷議題，存在孤獨可以在邊際處境中清晰呈現，而存在意義則為個體自我創造之行為過程中追尋的目標。本研究嘗試以存在心理治療觀點為基礎，以實徵研究方式探討存在孤獨感與存在意義之間的關係，同時針對好奇心與因應彈性兩項人格特質作分析，以了解其是否對存在孤獨與存在意義的關係具有影響力。本研究包含預試與正式研究兩部份，預試對象為北、中、南三所大專院校406名學生，平均年齡19.24(SD=2.11)歲，正式研究對象來自台北市文山社大與內湖社大，以及台灣北部地區社區志工共247人，平均年齡43.70 (SD=13.36)歲。研究設計採橫斷式調查研究，研究工具有個人基本資料表、存在孤獨量表、人生態度量表、好奇心與探索量表、因應創傷知覺能力量表及艾氏人格問卷－中文精簡版等六份。經階層迴歸分析的研究結果發現，存在孤獨與存在意義有顯著負相關; 好奇心對存在孤獨與存在意義中的個人意義指標具調節效果，因應彈性對存在孤獨與個人意義指標具部份中介效果。此結果顯示，較高的存在意義感可降低存在孤獨感，好奇心對存在意義有顯著正向影響，且與存在孤獨之間的交互作用可增加個人意義感。因應彈性與存在意義有關，高因應彈性者具有較高的存在意義感，且存在孤獨感能透過因應彈性的部份中介效果，對存在意義產生影響。

關鍵字

因應彈性 ； 存存意義 ； 存在孤獨 ； 好奇心

並列摘要

Existential loneliness and existential meaning are two ultimate concerns of existential psychotherapy. Existential loneliness usually emerges from the boundary situations while existential meaning represents the uttermost goal of individual on his/her way of self-creations. This study attempted to prove that not only existential loneliness and existential meaning were related significantly, but the personality traits of curiosity and coping flexibility were two significant moderate factors in that particular relation. This project was composed of both preliminary and main studies. In the preliminary study, 406 participants (age: M=19.24, SD=2.11) were students from three colleges located in different geographical regions. In the main study, participants were 247 volunteers (age: M=43.70, SD=13.36) from local community colleges. Cross-sectional survey method was adopted. Measurements included personal demographic information questionnaire, Existential Loneliness Questionnaire (ELQ), Life Attitude Profile (LAP), Curiosity and Exploration Inventory - II (CEI-II), Perceived Ability to Cope With Trauma (PACT) Scale and Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Chinese Short Form. By applying hierarchical multiple regression, it was found that existential loneliness had significant negative relation with existential meaning, and curiosity had moderation effect on the relation between existential loneliness and personal meaning index of existential meaning. Results also indicated that coping flexibility had partial mediation effect between existential loneliness and personal meaning index. This study showed that high existential meaning might reduce existential loneliness. Curiosity had notable positive relation with existential meaning and its interaction with existential loneliness had an effect on existential meaning. Better coping flexibility indicated high existential meaning and it had partial mediation effect between existential loneliness and personal meaning index.

並列關鍵字

coping flexibility ； existential meaning ； existential loneliness ； curiosity

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