以DSP為基礎之市電併聯型太陽光電換流器之研製

Design and Implementation of a DSP Based Grid-Connected PV Inverter

張宏誠(Hung-Cheng Chang)

指導教授 ： 涂世雄

中原大學/工學院/電機工程研究所/碩士(2013年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu201300734

摘要

中文摘要
本論文以數位訊號處理器(DSP)作為控制核心並加入國際法規和併網規範要求的保護功能，設計一3000瓦的市電併聯型太陽光電換流器。
在本論文中，首先我們介紹市電併聯型太陽光電換流器系統方塊圖的設計，而在系統介面說明如何採用數位信號處理器(DSP)TMS320F2808來達到系統控制。第二、在硬體設計中設計換流器功率級電路架構，並且配合零交越偵測電路，使得輸出電流可以和市電電源同步，除此之外我們依據VDE-AR-N 4105的安全性要求，設計並實現其功能，如繼電器失效偵測、絕緣阻抗偵測(RISO)和殘餘電流偵測(RCMU)。第三、增加數位訊號處理器(DSP)的軟體設計，其中包含閉迴路系統控制設計、改良型擾動觀查法的最大功率追蹤控制，市電電壓和市電頻率的偵測、孤島效應保護偵測、繼電器失效偵測、絕緣阻抗偵測、殘餘電流偵測。
最後我們實驗製作一3000瓦太陽光電市電併聯型換流器，經實驗室完成一硬體雛型並驗証其功能，實驗結果証明其可達到預期效果。
本文主要貢獻如下:
(1) 換流器導入可符合目前最新的安規認証標準IEC62109和德國低電壓併網規範VDE-AR-N 4105的要求，使其具有系統安全性供使用者應用。
(2) 採用改良型擾動觀查法來控制，達到快速最大功率追蹤的功能。
(3) 發明了繼電器失效偵測，不僅可提供換流器更安全的防護機制且達到簡化電路，進而提高產品之競爭優勢及可靠度。

關鍵字

太陽能發電系統 ； 單相換流器 ； 市電併聯 ； 最大功率追蹤 ； 國際法規

並列摘要

Abstract
In the thesis, we use digital signal processor (DSP) as the control core and build the protection feature of international regulations and grid-connected regulations to design a grid-connected 3000 watt photovoltaic (PV) inverter.
First, we introduce the grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) inverter block diagram and explain all functions on the digital signal processor (DSP) TSM320F2808 control system to achieve a system configuration and interface. Secondly, we introduce a photovoltaic (PV) inverter power stage structure, and combine zero crossing detection with AC synchronization in the hardware design. In addition, the functional safety functionality is implemented according to the requirements of VDE-AR-N 4105, such as relay defect detection, insulation resistance (RISO) measurement and residual current monitoring unit detection (RCMU). Third, design the digital signal processor (DSP) software control algorithm of this system; we introduce each function of close loop system control, voltage monitoring, frequency monitoring, insulation detection, residual current monitoring unit detection, improved maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm and anti-islanding protection algorithm.
Finally, we complete a prototype of 3000watt photovoltaic (PV) inverter and implement to assess the predictions. The experimental results are in feasibility close to the estimation.
The contributions of our research are as follows:
(1) Import an IEC62109 and VDE-AR-N 4105 specifications requirements that has system security.
(2) Improve perturbation and observation (P&O) control to reach the maximum power point quick tracking.
(3) Invent a new detect unit with relay, provide more security protection of this mechanism and simplify some circuits on inverter system. Thereby, optimize about cost and reliability.

並列關鍵字

inverter ； photovoltaic ； grid-connected ； maximum power tracking ； certification regulations

參考文獻

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