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論律師之洗錢防制通報義務

Lawyers’ Obligation to Report of Suspicious Transactions in Anti-Money Laundering

指導教授 : 徐偉群
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摘要


洗錢犯罪,經由資金分散、層層移轉等方式,將前置犯罪所得透過繁複的過程,套上表面合法的外衣,以避免偵查機關之查緝,造成一國家對於犯罪之追訴及處罰的嚴重妨害,並可能使社會秩序與諸多公益連帶受到不良影響,對社會公共信用與金融交易安全以及國際共同利益與國際經濟秩序等亦可能產生危害。因此,各國無不採取相關防制措施,藉以防堵洗錢活動之滋長。   近年來,無論國際組織,抑或外國立法,為有效防堵洗錢犯罪,及早發現不法端倪,紛紛提倡或落實律師洗錢防制通報義務之法制。在此國際防制洗錢立法之趨勢下,我國身為亞太防制洗錢組織之一員,亦於西元二○○八年承諾將依據APG之評鑑建議,建立律師通報法制。然而,截至目前,我國仍未就律師通報法制,作出相關立法或更進一步之回應。   針對我國目前遲未具體回應國際洗錢防制立法趨勢之現況,本文乃欲自國際立法現況與學說各界意見,了解律師通報義務之制度與國際間實踐之情形,並進而探究對律師賦予通報義務,是否存有本質上之難題或執行上之困難,抑或有其他利益衝突之情形。其次,本文期望藉由對律師反洗錢通報制度之了解,透過防制洗錢之公益目的與律師及當事人利益的衡量,尋求賦予律師通報義務之界限,研究我國引進律師反洗錢通報義務立法之可行性。以求有效達成洗錢防制目的,亦避免過度侵害律師及當事人之權益。

並列摘要


Money laundering, which covers criminal property by lawful activities to avoid investigation, harms the judicial system, social order, and many other public benefits. Therefore, most of the countries are contemplating relevant measures to prevent money laundering. In recent years, many international organizations and countries have advocated legislation which requiring lawyers to report on money laundering. Taiwan, a member of the Asia/ Pacific Group on Money Laundering, committed in 2008 to legislate on lawyers’ report requirement, but, so far, there is no further progress has been made. The Article is to discuss the difficulties of Taiwan’s legislation on lawyers’ report obligation. And, In order to fulfill the purpose of anti-money laundering without sacrificing lawyers’ and clients’ interests, the Article, based on public benefit and the measurement of interests, also seeks the limit and feasibility of legislation.

參考文獻


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