本文主要研究混凝土塊體間低速碰撞接觸行為,使用ANSYS LS-DYNA軟體模擬混凝土塊體碰撞實驗,提出合理估算塊體接觸力與接觸時間及衝量之分析流程與迴歸計算公式。數值模擬分析所採用混凝土塊體材料模型為LS-DYNA軟體MAT072R3模型,可考慮混凝土材料非線性與應變率效應。混凝土塊體接觸偵測採用LS-DYNA接觸功能中自動接觸(Automatic)模式,可模擬任意多面變形體接觸碰撞偵測,接觸力採用LS-DYNA中內建接觸力計算公式,式子中懲罰因子採用0.1。為確認MAT072R3材料模型使用正確性,比對混凝土無考慮應變率與有考慮應變率模型之間差異性。此外,為驗證LS-DYNA接觸力合理性,比對接觸彈簧模擬方法及應力波理論分析結果,與本文採用方法之差異性。經由數值算例驗證可得知,本文逐步驗證線彈性材料正面接觸碰撞動力反應、接觸彈簧懲罰因子影響、混凝土材料有考慮與無考慮應變率效應影響。實驗數值模擬分析部分,塊體數值模型考慮塊體接觸前真實幾何狀態,分別模擬塊體接觸前與接觸中及接觸後塊體運動狀態,模擬結果顯示實驗與數值分析結果相近,證明本研究提出模擬塊體接觸運動方法之有效性,透過數值模擬方式提出塊體衝量迴歸計算公式,並提出以正式實驗發生最接近單次正面-正面碰撞之P.C.-A_exp2組別為主,逐步修正其接觸力迴歸公式,可作為估算不同速度下塊體碰撞衝量與接觸力。
In this study, the main purpose is to develop two formulations of the contact force and impulse for two concrete blocks during collision. ANSYS LS-Dyna software is used to simulate the experiments of the collision of the concrete block, and to propose these two formulations. The concrete model Mat072R3 is adopted. This model can consider the strain rate effect of the concrete. The contact detection in LS-Dyna is automatic model. This detection model can be used to simulate multi-body contact detection and arbitrary geometry. According to compare the experiments and the numerical results, they are very close. It confirms the effective and accurate of proposed two formulates of the concrete.