凝視方向與箭頭指向的注意力自動化處理比較

Automatic Processing of Eye Gazes and Arrows

王曉玲(Hsiao-Ling Wang)

指導教授 ： 趙軒甫

中原大學/理學院/心理學系/碩士(2009年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu200900054

摘要

過去使用凝視方向或箭頭指向做為干擾刺激的一致性效果研究，每次嘗試只呈現凝視方向或箭頭指向其中一種刺激，未同時呈現凝視方向和箭頭指向刺激。因此過去研究雖發現凝視方向會被注意力自動化處理，箭頭指向也會被注意力自動化處理，卻無法瞭解對哪種刺激的注意力自動化處理程度相對較高。本研究目的在，以同時呈現凝視方向與箭頭指向之方式，比較凝視方向與箭頭指向的注意力自動化處理。實驗一利用胸前拿著牌子的人形圖案同時呈現凝視方向和箭頭指向刺激。實驗二為瞭解眼睛與箭頭的相對位置是否影響實驗一結果，除原先以胸前拿著牌子的人形圖案來呈現眼睛在上箭頭在下的安排外，還增加以高舉著牌子的人形圖案來呈現與實驗一相反的刺激相對位置安排。實驗三將人臉和牌子去除，排除人臉和牌子的影響。此外，實驗一到實驗三都是以隨機方式決定目標物，可能使受試者反應目標時，將干擾物也當成目標，實驗四改以區組設計方式，讓受試者在同一階段只反應一種目標物。四個實驗的結果顯示目標為凝視方向的一致性效果比目標為箭頭指向的一致性效果大，即箭頭指向干擾對凝視方向目標的影響比凝視方向干擾對箭頭指向目標的影響大。因此，本研究的結果顯示注意力對凝視方向與箭頭指向的自動化處理程度不同。

關鍵字

箭頭指向 ； 自動化處理 ； 凝視方向

並列摘要

The present study aimed at examining the relative automaticity of eye gaze and arrows. The flanker paradigm was used to explore this issue. Across four experiments, participants were instructed to respond to the direction of the eye gaze and ignore the direction of the arrows, or vice versa. In Experiment 1, a person holding a board was presented as the background figure. Eyes and arrows were presented on it. In Experiment 2, the impact of the relative location of the eyes and the arrows was investigated. In Experiment 3, the background figure was removed. Hence, only the eyes and the arrows were presented. In Experiment 4, the type of target was fixed within a block. These experiments consistently showed that the direction of the arrows had a larger effect on processing the direction of the eye gaze. In other words, it appears that processing of the arrows was more automatic than that of the eye gaze.

並列關鍵字

eye gazes ； arrows ； automatic processing

參考文獻

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