技術知識之特性與競爭法

The Characteristics of Technological Knowledge and Competition Law

黃振清(Chen-Ching Huang)

指導教授 ： 黃銘傑

中原大學/商學院/財經法律研究所/碩士(2009年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu200900057

摘要

技術知識之發展，有不連續的創新，在一競爭市場同時有眾多突破性技術存在；其次為連續性的創新，依技術知識路徑相依特性，因循基礎技術作技術績效改良及改善。本文透過相關文獻探討，歸納出技術知識之內涵及六項技術知識之特性，並發現隨著技術知識發展有不同階段的經濟特性，本文就以此為出發點，討論技術知識特性發展過程中如何影響產業的競爭秩序
技術發展至極成為標準化技術，不論是透過組織制定或業界自然形成之事實標準。隨著網路效應擴大此技術之擴散，只要對此技術有作專屬投資，想做轉換則須付出沉沒成本，除消費者外亦包括供應商、企業夥伴，皆形成極高轉換成本，產生對廠商及消費者的鎖住效應。因此，擁有此技術的廠商即會擁有獨占的市場力量，競爭者要能在此產業生存必需要能進入此市場，則此技術成為關鍵技術，為想要投入此市場競爭者的進入障礙。相對於實體之關鍵設施理論，無體財產權並非無法被複製，而是以智慧財產權所賦予的排他權做限制(特別是著作權及專利權)，因此產生相關競爭法上之問題；另一方面，隨著高科技技術的發展越來越複雜，同一產品所內含的技術並非單一廠商可全部掌握的，所衍生之技術眾多也分屬不同廠商。因此形成專利聯盟以促進技術發展的效率，本文針對上述技術知識發展，面對之競爭法涉及智慧財產上爭議的問題為基礎，探討法規範體系與實務上對智慧財產權的保護及確保競爭秩序的維持之問題，作廣泛及深入的瞭解和探討，並對此提出對於事前預防和事後救濟之建議。

關鍵字

競爭法 ； 技術知識之特性 ； 關鍵設施 ； 標準化 ； 專利聯盟

並列摘要

The development of technological knowledge first is the discontinuous innovations that have many breakthrough technologies that exist at the same time on one competitive market. Second, a continuous innovation that is a characteristic of technological knowledge in accordance with path dependence to improve performances on a basic technology. This paper sums up the intension of technological knowledge and its six characteristics relevant through its document study and discovers the economic characteristics of different stages of the development of technological knowledge. The above viewpoint is the starting point; it discusses how the characteristic of technological knowledge influences competitive order of industrial evolution.
Finally the technology becomes standardized. However, the technological standards are de facto standard or organization-setting. As the network effects expand the diffusion of this technology, they make exclusive investment to it and want to change that will have the sunk cost. Aside from consumer it also include supplier, enterprise partner. That have extremely high transform cost, and have lock-in effect to the firm and consumer. So, the firms own this technology will monopolize high market power. If the competitor wants to survive in this industry, they must involve in this market. This technology becomes essential and entry obstacles of competitors. The essential facility doctrine of the substantiation property is unable to duplicate compare with intangibles property. That is the intelligence property given an exclusive rights to limit others use (especially the copy rights and patent rights).That have some issues relevant to the competition law .On the other hand, the development of high science and technology becomes more and more complicated. A product implicit to the technology whether single firm can knew all .Many derive technology belongs to different firms respectively. So it forms the patent pool in order to increase efficiency on the technical development. This paper studies the development of technological knowledge in connection with the above-mentioned. That base on issues of dispute on the intelligence property and competition law. In the study of law system and its practice, guarantees the keeping of competitive order and the question of intelligence property rights protection. Their extensive study understands deeply and proposed suggestions that prevent its and afterwards relief.

並列關鍵字

characteristics of technological knowledge ； competition law ； essential facility ； patent pool

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