- 學位論文
探討兩階分散式供應鏈在接單式生產製造商考慮插單問題下之長鞭效應
Make-To-Order Manufacturers Consider Rush Orders in Two-Stage Decentralized Supply Chains on the Bullwhip Effect
摘要
隨著接單式生產策略的重要性與日漸普及，當製造商採用此生產策略時面對在分散式供應鏈中所產生的長鞭效應問題也開始受到注目，目前也較少有研究針對此供應鏈架構進行探討，大多設定在製造商為存貨式生產下，而針對長鞭效應與接單式生產的研究卻非常的少。此外，在MTO中，顧客不斷變動的要求將會對製造商帶來很大的困擾，例如常見的插單問題，勢必會造成製造商的生產困難使生產時間變異大並且增加，零售商的再補貨前置時間也將變得更難估計與增加，故一個有效的生產排程工具是必要的。 上述各學者的研究均僅針對長鞭效應或生產排程中插單的部份分別進行探討，而目前並無學者在探討長鞭效應時在其供應鏈模型中整合插單問題。有鑒於此，本研究將進一步探討在接單式生產中同時考慮長鞭效應與插單之問題。故本研究目的將建構整合插單問題之單一零售商與單一接單式生產製造商分散式供應鏈模型以符合現實情況，並探討此模型在不實施協同策略下，是否能有效透過平滑再補貨策略在使零售商與製造商皆能獲利下降低長鞭效應。並探討不同的重排程方法對零售商安全存貨、再補貨前置時間之平均數與變異數、零售商訂單與外部訂單之總延遲時間等績效的優劣比較。 研究結果指出，在考慮插單問題後，不論外部訂單的大小與製造商採用連續或週期重排程策略，零售商採用平滑週期再補貨策略將能有效消除供應鏈中的長鞭效應，同時也能將安全存貨降低，在不實行協同策略下將同時能使零售商與製造商獲利達到雙贏。此外在插單無法預期之情況下，製造商若採用連續重排程策略處理插單問題將不會使零售商所需的安全存貨提高太多、變動幅度也較小，將有助於降低零售商的缺貨情況。
並列摘要
With the make-to-order strategy being important and popular, it the problem of bullwhip effect generated by decentralized supply chains starts to attract attention. Currently, most of the study is to investigate the manufacturer for make-to-stock, and few researchs study for the bullwhip effect and make-to-order. Furthermore, the make-to-order strategy brings perplexity to manufacturers by the continuous customers’ changes. For example, the rush orders will cause the difficulties of production to make the variation of the production time increased, and the replenishment lead times of retailers become much difficult to estimate. So in order to reach the purpose in developing a make-to-order policy that addresses the above-concerns, an effective tool of the production scheduling is essential, especially how to plan production scheduling effectively in order to reduce the uncertainty of supply after considering a important problem of rush orders in make-to-order policy. The above scholars only studied the bullwhip effect and rush orders seperately, but no scholars studied the supply chain model that integrates rush order in bullwhip effect. Therefore, this research studies the bullwhip effect and rush order in make-to-order; the purpose of this study will build a single retailer and single manufacturer decentralized supply chains that integrate rush orders. The retailer adopts smoothing period replenishment strategies in this model, and make-to-order manufacturers will adopt periodic rescheduling and continuous rescheduling to solve the problem caused by rush orders. This research will study the performance of bullwhip effect and different rescheduling strategies in this model. As a result, when considering rush orders in a single retailer and single manufacturer decentralized supply chains, the smoothing period replenishment strategies will eliminate the bullwhip effect in this supply chain and reduce the safety stock of the retailer. Furthermore, if the make-to-order manufacturers adopt a continuous rescheduling to solve the problem caused by rush orders, the safety stock that retailer needs will not increase too much. Continuous rescheduling will help in reducing the retailers out-of-stock problems.