- 學位論文
CNC工具機之切削精度異常分析與改善
Analysis and improvement of abnormality of machining accuracy for CNC machine tools
摘要
CNC工具機在切削加工時，為實現產品高精度與機台能於高速高準確度的加工要求下，關鍵技術於控制器調校，本文針對工具機頭部慣性效應對切削造成的影響進行分析，並尋找以控制參數調校解決的方法。 研究中首先透過循圓量測儀和雷射干涉儀觀察在不同的運動情形下機台頭部速度與加速度的變化，以確認切削時刀紋產生原因，確認主要造成切削刀紋的原因為慣性效應後，再利用實驗方式分析相關控制參數如背隙參數補償功能與加減速控制參數等對慣性效應控制的能力。最後，針對上述參數以Heidenhain KGM Grid Encoder進行參數調校實驗，提出參數的調校方法，可有效減少因慣性產生的異常刀紋現象，再以實機切削測試，確認所研究參數確實可提升機台的切削精度。
並列摘要
To realize the high speed and high accuracy machining, optimal tuning of controller parameters is the key technology. This study analyzed the influence of inertia effect to machining accuracy, and explored the possibility of resolving this problem with use of parameter tuning. In this study, laser system and ball-bar were used to observe the velocity and acceleration of the spindle head to find the possible causes resulting in the abnormal tool mark. It was finally conformed that inertia effect was the major cause. The characteristics of parameters for backlash compensation and acceleration control were explored through empirical method. In the parameter tuning experiments, Heidenhain KGM Grid Encoder was used. Finally, the optimal parameters were found. The results of verification experiment have shown that acceleration control parameters can effectively reduce the errors caused by inertia effects. However, small portion of errors can only be eliminated through hardware improvement.