- 學位論文
以虛擬組裝作業系統評估裝配式產品佈置之工作效能
The Work Effectiveness Evaluation of a Manual Assembly Planning and Layout by Using Virtual Assembly System
摘要
虛擬實境具有提供人員融入感與互動之特性，此技術可以廣泛的應用在人因之研究中，探討系統與人員之互動性以輔助作業之設計。產品在設計階段即必須將製造現場之限制融入設計考量，以加強產品設計與製造現場間的溝通。本研究希望融合虛擬實境互動的特性，建構一人機互動式系統，評估手動組裝作業在不同之組裝作業佈置下，人員選取與搜尋零組件之作業績效。探討零件佈置之位置不同，是否影響作業人員判斷組裝順序。 本研究之組裝作業佈置主要參考動作經濟原則與佈置一般性原則等佈置規劃原則，規劃出之零組件佈置位置，但可行之方案並非唯一解，且佈置的位置將影響人員對作業順序之記憶與動作之連貫性，故藉由使用者與虛擬組裝系統之互動，探討不同佈置對人員績效的影響。本虛擬組裝作業系統主要由四個模型組織而成，分別為虛擬原型模型、零件佈置模型、互動控制模型與資料擷取模型。將欲分析之零組件佈置匯入虛擬組裝作業系統，請使用者透過虛擬組裝系統進行組裝測試，系統紀錄各個步驟之組裝作業時間與正確率。 本研究之主要目的在建立一套有效評估人員作業績效之組裝佈置系統，將作業績效指標回饋至設計者，以分析何種佈置最能有效輔助人員進行組裝作業。經由一汽車組裝零件之案例建構，根據不同之佈置原則規劃兩種佈置組裝作業。實驗結果發現本案例在使用順序原則為主之作業佈置規劃有較高之作業正確率。驗證結果發現本系統具有能力檢視在不同組裝佈置下人員作業績效之差異，並可檢視不同之佈置設計準則對佈置規劃之影響。未來可整合其他之評估工具，探討產品之易組裝性、人員之作業認知和人員動作之姿勢等，以建構一個完整的虛擬組裝作業系統。
並列摘要
Virtual reality has the features of providing immersion and interaction. This technology can be widely used in studies of ergonomics to discuss the interaction between personnel and the system in order to aid the design of work. To enhance the communication between the product design and manufacturing, the restrictions of workplace must be taken into consideration in initial product design stage. This study built a human-machine interactive system that combined interactive features of virtual reality to assess work effectiveness in manual assembly work, to discuss whether different parts location would affect workers’ judgment on assembly sequence. The layout of assembly work and the locations of parts in this study mainly designed by considering movement, economic layout and general principles, but the solution of planning the layout of the parts of is not the only feasible solution. The location of layout affects operator’s memory of assembly sequence and the continuity of action. Thus, this study discussed the effect of different layout of assembly workplace on operators’ performance by studying the interaction between user and virtual assembly system. The virtual assembly system consists of four models: virtual prototyping model, assembly layout model, interaction control model and data access model. Researcher imported the information of the assembly layout into the virtual assembly system and the user tested the assembly work though the assembly system. The system recorded the assembly time of each step and the accuracy of operations. The purpose of this study is to develop an effective assessment of work effectiveness of assembly workplace layout, in order to return the performance indicators to the designer and analyze which layout can assist operator in assembly work most effectively. By building a case of vehicle assembly parts, we planed two assembly operations according to different principles of layout. The experiment results found that use the frequency-of-Use principle of layout planning mainly have a higher accuracy of operations in this case. The verification results showed that the system has the ability to examine the difference of work effectiveness on different assembly workplace layout, and examine the effect on workplace layout which planned according to different layout planning principles. It can build a comprehensive virtual assembly system in the future by combining other assessment tools about the accessibility, the human cognition of the assembly work, and the workers’ posture, etc.
參考文獻
延伸閱讀
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