近年來,由於企業弊案的猖獗,企業陸續傳出財務危機、掏空公司資產、及對外發布虛偽的財務報表等事件,使得公司治理與內部控制制度等相關問題浮上檯面,而內部控制制度的重要性更是受到重視。弊案的發生,皆導因於企業未實施有效的內部控制。我國為了對內部控制能有更深一層的規範,於2002年公布了「公開發行公司建立內部控制處理準則」。對於企業組織而言,不同的公司特性及不同的角色對於內部控制的定位及責任大不相同。因此,本研究希望能藉以公司特性、公司治理中的內外部監督機制來探討其對公司實施內部控制成效之影響。 本研究係根據上市上櫃公司名單,其於1998至2006年中有發行公開說明書的公司為研究樣本,並依照公開說明書中特別記載事項裡近三年度會計師提出之內部控制建議來判別樣本公司是否有無內部控制缺失,研究樣本共3,005個公司年。後續進一步將內部控制缺失分類為交易循環控制制度、管理控制制度及電腦化資訊系統,分別探討公司特性及公司治理對於此三大類型內部控制缺失的影響。 實證結果發現,關於公司特性方面,設立年數較長、產品多角化程度愈大及績效較差之公司,於內部控制上較容易產生缺失;而公司規模愈大,其內部控制的成效相對較佳。關於公司治理機制方面,當董事長兼任總經理、董監持股比例愈高的公司,於內部控制上較容易產生缺失;董事會的規模愈大、獨立董監席次比愈高及聘用前四大會計師事務所時,其控制環境相對較佳,內部控制缺失較不易發生。
Recent enterprise's financial distress, embezzlements and fraudulent financial reporting make the importance of corporate governance and internal control system appear on the stage. The emergences of the frauds result from the enterprises’ not implementing the effective internal control. The authorities responded with "Regulations Governing Establishment of Internal Control Systems by Public Companies" in 2002. This study explores the determinants of effectiveness of internal control. The sample is gathered from prospectus of listed company during 1998 to 2006. We classify the internal control weakness into trade-cycle control related, management control system related and computer-based information system related weakness. The determinants are related to these three major types separately. The empirical results show companies with longer year of establishment, higher product diversification, and lower firm performance are associated with internal control weakness. The larger firms will have the better internal control. Corporate governance related factors show that CEO duality, and high director ownership are positively associated with internal control weakness, and the big board size, high ratio of independent directors and supervisors, and engaging big 4 will lead to a good control environment.