國中教材統計與機率之研究與探討

機率與統計是我們在日常生活中，運用相當廣泛的數學觀念。本論文主要針對國中教材機率統計的部份作探討，從一開始的資料如何整理，再由圖表的呈現，讓資料可以輕易的呈現出想表達的東西。並從中了解各種圖表的使用時機，與繪製圖表時所需的條件與注意事項，避免圖表產生不必要的錯誤。而至於百分位數與百分等級的部份，不論國中考高中的會考或是高中考大學的指考或學測，都會運用到相關的知識。所以借由深入的探討，各種不同的理論觀點與看法，了解每種方法適用的時機，以及所呈現的結果。而在對國中機率統計的教學上，可以使自己的觀念更清楚，在教學上可以更有系統的教導，讓學生對於此單元可以更輕鬆的了解掌握相關的訊息。

關鍵字

國中教材；百分位數；百分等級

並列摘要

Probability and statistics are two of the widely-used mathematical concepts. This study mainly focus on statistical probability in junior high school textbooks, from data collation to presentation of graphs. Through the charts the meanings of the information can be clearly presented in a simple way. In the study, we can understand the timing of usages, some dos and don’ts, and requirements for charting the data so that we can avoid making unnecessary mistakes. When taking the Comprehensive Assessment Program for Junior High School Students for senior high school admission and the Advanced Subjects Test and General Scholastic Ability Test for college admission, the concepts of percentile and percentile rank and their related knowledge will be adopted. This study researches different theories and viewpoints profoundly thus to realize the timing of method adoptions and the results which are presented. When the study applied on teaching of probability and statistics at junior high school, it will give teachers concepts which is more clear. Through this study, teachers can teach in a more systematic way and students can easily grasp these related information.