寇斯定理於飛利浦之CD-R專利強制授權案的啟發

The Coase Theorem in an Extended Discussion from the Case of Philips CD-R Compulsory Licensing

梁智欽(Chih-Chin Liang)

指導教授 ： 黃銘傑

中原大學/商學院/財經法律研究所/碩士(2011年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/CYCU.2011.00086

摘要

憲法披著實證法的甲冑，卻有著自然法的靈魂，以圓融一貫(coherent)對人的平等關注與尊重(equal concern and respect)之哲思理念與人本襟懷，探索如何透過法律規範達成公益與私益的平衡以及提升人民福祉，常深植法律學研究者的心中；我國飛利浦之CD-R專利強制授權案，本質上是政府以公權力介入市場進行資源配置，實際上已經觸及基本人權的重點，就是要找到人與國之間的分界線，基本人權理論告訴我們，政府要以公權力介入並干涉人民的自由，一定要有堅強的理由。

本文首先於第一章提出研究動機及目的，並就研究方法與架構加以說明；第二章探討強制授權規範之法理哲思與其限制，以及公權力介入應考量的原則；第三章分別就專利強制授權規範之國際規範與國內規範進行探討；第四章介紹寇斯定理；第五章則探討寇斯定理於飛利浦之CD-R專利強制授權案的啟發；第六章進行各章結論與建議。本文建議，日後類似飛利浦之CD-R專利強制授權案，以政府是一家超級廠商(The government is a super-firm)進行思考；同時，補償金以追求社會邊際利益等於社會邊際成本為正當化之論證基礎。

本文所提出之建議，就專利強制授權規範而言，其實只是冰山之一角，僅希望藉由探討寇斯(R. H. Coase)觀察經濟體系運作的角度，並省思其於飛利浦之CD-R專利強制授權案的啟發，透過法律經濟分析方法的運用，拓展不同之觀察視野，並獲得更多學界及實務界關愛的眼神，使我國專利強制授權規範的發展能夠更趨健全。

關鍵字

寇斯 ； 強制授權 ； CD-R ； 交易成本

並列摘要

The Constitutional Law has a battle dress of Legal Positivism on but with the soul of Natural Law, investigates the ways to both reach the balance between public interests and private interests and promote people’s public welfare through the regulations of laws under its philosophical interpretation and humanistic thoughts of the coherence to human’s equal concerns and respects. Such nature of Constitution Law has always been rooted in law researchers’ minds. Regarding the case of Philips CD-R compulsory licensing in Taiwan, its nature is that the government harnesses public force to interfere with the market to allocate the resources; as a matter of fact, such a move has touched the point of Fundamental Human Rights. The present study tries to find the boundary between the authorities and people; in addition, the protection of Fundamental Human Rights tells us that if a government wants to interfere with people’s liberty with public force, it must have strong reasons.

The first chapter of the current study raises the motivation as well as purposes of research, and illustrates the research methods and the organization. In chapter 2 a discussion of the philosophical interpretation of jurisprudence and its limits and the principles that public force involves is elaborated. Meanwhile, Compulsory Licensing in TRIPS and in domestic Laws are explored respectively in Chapter 3. The Coase Theorem, a supportive issue, is introduced in Chapter 4. Further, The Coase Theorem in an extended discussion from the case of Philips CD-R Compulsory Licensing is presented in chapter 5. Finally, Chapter 6 summarizes the conclusions of each chapter and gives suggestions. The current study claims that a government should consider its position as super-firm later in similar cases of the Philips CD-R Compulsory Licensing; in the meantime, the remuneration is on the basis of a justified equation that social marginal benefits and social marginal costs as its fundamental argument.

The suggestions revealed in the current study for Compulsory Licensing in Patent Law are just a small proportion of the whole picture. The current study merely hopes through the discussion from the angle of the observation of economic systems made by R. H. Coase to rethink the inspiration emerged from the case of Philips CD-R Compulsory Licensing. By applying the Economic Analysis of Law a broader perspective may be seen and more focuses from both the popular and the scholar may be gained and thus the development of Compulsory Licensing in Patent Law in Taiwan may tend to be more comprehensive and sound.

並列關鍵字

Coase ； Compulsory Licensing ； CD-R ； transaction cost

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