漢語拼音與威妥瑪：譯音系統作為文化工及其在台灣對於身份認同的影響

在過去的兩個世紀中，發展出了許多中文譯音系統。其中，漢語拼音系統逐漸獲得了全球的共識，也為當前國際標準化組織(ISO)所採認的系統。然而，台灣卻是唯一一個沒有將譯音系統標準化的中文地區。本研究指出拒絕使用拼音會成為台灣宣傳其文化認同的能力的一個障礙。在對於中國出生的受訪者的訪談中發現，漢語拼音的淺顯的拼寫法使得他們能夠在自己名字的拉丁拼寫與漢字字義間建立聯結。同時，在參與者是之前從未學過中文的西方英語母語者的實驗中發現，對外國人與中文母語者而言，漢語拼音在華語口說，學習和聽力方面均能形成高度積極的印象。而另一方面，威妥瑪的問題就在於它將兩種文化都導向以西方語言為規範的方向。本研究提出，如果能統一採用漢語拼音系統，台灣將能更好的主張自己的華語文化認同及社會政治價值觀。原因有兩個方面：1、透過漢語拼音，外國人能夠更好的建立與華語文化間的社會及語言層面的聯結；2、當中文母語者聽到正確的中文發音，並能夠聯結語義與拼寫時，他們更願意維持使用自己的中文名字，繼而維持其他心理層面的華語認同。而來自於相對不完善的譯音系統中的發音拼法及語義則會導致台灣人在與外國人的互動過程中，採用西方的標準來判斷自身文化。本研究依托維高斯基(Lev Vygotsky)的社會文化理論和馬歇爾麥克盧漢(Marshall McLuhan)的媒體理論，對於譯音媒介是如何從華語文化內部及外部對文化觀念造成影響的進行了解釋。

關鍵字

漢語拼音；威妥瑪；中文名；國語；譯音；發音；身份；台灣

並列摘要

A number of systems for transliterating Mandarin Chinese have been developed in the past two centuries. Consensus has now formed globally around a system called Hanyu Pinyin, which is now the ISO standard. Taiwan, however, is the only Mandarin-speaking nation to not standardize its transliterations under any spelling system, let alone Pinyin. This study suggests that the rejection of Pinyin is a barrier to Taiwan’s ability to propagate its cultural identity. Interviews with China-born individuals found that the shallow orthography of Pinyin allows those with Pinyin names to attach character meaning to the Latin spellings of their names, in ways that the Wade-Giles system, still predominant in Taiwan, cannot. Experiments conducted with English-speaking Westerners, who had no previous experience learning Chinese, showed that Pinyin formed highly positive impressions (between English-speaking foreigners and native-Mandarin speakers alike) of Mandarin speaking, learning, and listening. The flaws of Wade-Giles, on the other hand, directed both cultures toward Western language norms. It is argued in this paper that if Taiwan were to uniformly adopt the Pinyin system, the nation would be in a better position to assert its Chinese cultural identity and its socio-political values. The reasons are twofold: 1) Native-English speakers are better able to form socio-linguistic connections with Chinese culture when relating to it via Pinyin; and 2) Those from ethnic-Chinese cultures are more likely to retain Chinese names and other psychological aspects of Chinese identity when they hear their language pronounced adequately by foreigners, and when logographic meaning can be mapped to spelling. The alterations in pronunciation and meaning that are elicited by flawed transliteration systems can lead the Taiwanese to adopt Western-normative impressions of their nation, and themselves as individuals, when interacting with Westerners. Lev Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory and Marshall McLuhan’s media theory are used as a framework to show how the transliteration medium affects cultural perceptions both within and outside of Chinese culture.

並列關鍵字

Hanyu Pinyin ； Wade-Giles ； transliteration ； Chinese names ； Mandarin Chinese ； pronunciation ； identity ； Taiwan

參考文獻

Her, O.S. (2003). Between Globalization and Indigenization: On Taiwan’s Pinyin Issue from the Perspectives of the New Economy. Translated version of a paper written in Chinese, published in the Journal of Social Sciences and Philosophy (人文及社會科學集刊), 17(4), 785-822.

Blum, Susan D. (1997). Naming practices and the power of names in China. Language in Society, 26, 357-379.

Cao, F., Vu, M., Chan, D.H.L., Lawrence, J.N., Harris, L.N., Guan, Q., Xu, Y., & Perfetti, C. (2013). Writing affects the brain network of reading in Chinese: A functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Human Brain Mapping, 34(7), 1670–1684

Chappell, Hilary. (1980). The Romanization debate. The Australian Journal of Chinese Affairs, 4, 105-118.

Chen, Yi-An Jason. (2016). English name transition from Taiwan to the United States: A case study of Taiwanese international students. International Journal of Applied Linguistics & English Literature, 5(4), 58-64.

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漢語拼音與威妥瑪：譯音系統作為文化工及其在台灣對於身份認同的影響

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