消費者債務清理條例問題之研究

近年來消債案件逐年俱增，而卡債族年紀下滑，消債條例雖然是一門較冷門的法律議題，但只要人民的「消費」活動不斷，這個課題就沒有消失的一天。而卡債族之債務若無法獲得解決，社會經濟將無法獲得健全發展，故消債條例是謀求讓債務人可以獲得重生，並保障債權人可以公平受償之機制，但消債條例在實務運作上，卻仍然有許多爭議問題及值得探討觀點。而現今經濟消費之模式改變，例如購物平台推出先購物後付款的服務，這種類信用卡業務，恐因控管上較為鬆散，導致國人因而過度消費，卡債風暴將會再起。故對於債務人之債務原因歸責之轉換除了遵循消債條例之立法意旨，使債務人之經濟生活得以重建外，亦應當注重衡平債權人之債權請求權及受償之利益，以避免引發更嚴重的道德風險存在。　　有鑑於此，本論文之研究方向為消費者債務清理條例法律制度暨實務問題之研析，係以消債事件中，有關前置調解、更生、清算程序於運行時，曾經發生之重大爭議問題或爭執事項，其中包括法律文義、立法目的、構成要件及認定標準作為本文之相關研究。所採用之方法除了蒐集學者專書、期刊論文、學位論文等文獻輔以研究外，並以司法院之法律問題座談會之結論，及全國地方法院之裁判作出分析表，藉以從中探究實務上對於消費者債務清理法律制度所衍生之問題，及消債法院對於相關問題之認定標準，以作為實務運作上所發生之疑義提出檢討與建議。

關鍵字

消債條例；前置調解；更生程序；清算程序；免責；法律扶助

並列摘要

In recent years, the number of cases of Statute for Consumer Debt Clearance has increased year by year, and the age of the card debtors has declined, although the Statute for Consumer Debt Clearance are a relatively cold legal issue, but as long as the people's consumption activities continue, this topic has not disappeared one day. If the debt of the card debtors cannot be resolved, the social economy will not be able to obtain sound development, so the Statute for Consumer Debt Clearance seeks to enable the debtor to be re-born and to ensure that creditors can be paid fairly, but the Statute for Consumer Debt Clearance still has many controversial issues and worth exploring in practice. And today's economic consumption pattern changes, such as shopping platforms to launch first shopping after payment services, such as credit card business, fear that the control is looser, resulting in excessive consumption, card debt storm will re-open. Therefore, in addition to following the legislative intent of the Statute for Consumer Debt Clearance and enabling the reconstruction of the debtor's economic life, the conversion of liability for the debtor's debt should also focus on equalising the creditor's right to claim and the benefits of payment, so as to avoid the existence of more serious moral risks. In view of this, the research direction of this paper is to study the legal system and practical issues of the Statute for Consumer Debt Clearance, and is based on the relevant research on the major disputes or disputes that have occurred in the operation of the Statute for Consumer Debt Clearance, including legal texts, legislative purposes, elements and identification criteria. In addition to collecting scholars' books, periodical papers, degree papers and other literature supplemented by research, and using the conclusions of the judicial court's symposium on legal issues, and the national local court's decision to make an analysis form, in order to explore the practical issues a derived from the legal system of Statute for Consumer Debt Clearance, and the court's criteria for determining related issues, as a practical operation of the doubts that have occurred to make a review and recommendations.