生氣反芻特質與生氣反芻思考向度對關係攻擊的影響—注意力控制與自我控制之效果

研究背景與目的：根據過去研究顯示關係攻擊的攻擊者和受害者與許多適應性的問題有所關連，因此釐清關係攻擊的影響因子有其必要性。關係攻擊的發生牽涉身處情境、個人特質、認知和情緒等層面，其中在多重系統模型中，便以多種層面來說明攻擊發生的原因，並強調生氣反芻對攻擊之影響，另外，此模型認為生氣反芻的運作是因為誘發情境而啟動，另外其運作也受個體特質（例如生氣反芻特質）和執行控制（例如注意力控制和自我控制）等因素影響，而該模型認為不同向度下的生氣反芻對其情緒和行為等影響也有所差異。因此本研究欲釐清關係攻擊、生氣反芻、注意力控制和自我控制間的關係。研究方法：本研究以大學生為研究對象，收到共計177筆有效資料，其中44名為男性，133名為女性。研究流程包括量表測量和實驗等兩個階段，量表會採用情境式關係攻擊量表來測量關係攻擊，以生氣反芻特質量表測量生氣反芻特質，以注意力控制量表測量注意力控制功能，以自我控制簡版量表測量自我控制功能。實驗階段則以指導語來誘發生氣，再以自發性反芻作業誘發反芻思考，並以視覺情緒類比量尺來測量其情緒變化，最後會協助受試者恢復情緒和詢問反芻事件的相關資料後方結束實驗。研究結果：(1)本實驗可有效誘發生氣和反芻思考，其中經驗反芻程度在對生氣喚起之影響有所差異；各生氣反芻向度程度在對生氣平復之影響有達顯著差異。(2)生氣反芻向度在生氣反芻特質預測關係攻擊的中介效果皆未達顯著差異。(3)注意力控制在生氣反芻特質預測生氣反芻向度中的角色：生氣後思考預測自我沉浸反芻中，注意力控制轉移具有調節作用，以及生氣記憶預測關注激怒反芻中，注意力控制具有調節作用(4)關注激怒反芻預測關係攻擊中，自我控制具有調節效果。研究討論：結果證實生氣反芻向度對生氣變化之影響。在釐清各變項間的關係中，結果顯示執行控制在之中具有調節效果。另外研究也發現反芻時較關注激怒激怒事件其關係攻擊出現可能較低。

關鍵字

關係攻擊；生氣反芻；執行控制；注意力控制；自我控制

並列摘要

Background and purpose: Researchers found adaptive problems in both relational aggressor and victim, so it’s important to clarify the influence factor of relational aggression. Adopting relational aggression included situation, personal factor, cognitive, and emotion .In the Multiple System Mode, it explained how aggression process with several aspects, and emphasized that anger rumination affects to aggression. It’s metioned that the process of anger rumination is not only initiated by provoking situation, but affected by personal factor (e.g., anger rumination trait), executive control (e.g., attentional control and self-control). Furthermore, the dimensions of anger rumination had different effect on emotions and behaviors. The current research aimed to clarify the relationship between relational aggression, anger rumination, attention control, and self control. Method: This research recruited 177 college students (44 male, and 133 female). Research process included scale assessment and experiment. The scales included Situational Scale of Relational Aggression for relational aggression;the Anger Rumination Scale for anger rumination trait, the Attentional Control Scale for the function of attentional control, and the Self-control Scale for the ability of self-control. In the period of experiment, participants took on the spontaneously ruminative task to recall the experience of anger, and they were asked to ruminate the experience. The researcher used the emotional visual analogue scale for measuring the intensity of anger. Before finished experiment, the researcher would assist the subjects calm down. Result: First, the experiment could induce anger and anger rumination successfully. Moreover, experiential rumination made significant difference in anger arousal, and every cognitive dimension of anger rumination had significant difference in subsiding. Second, The cognitive aspects of anger rumination couldn't mediate between anger rumination to relational aggression. Third, the role of attentional contol in the relationship between anger rumination trait to the dimension of anger rumination: Angry afterthoughts could significantly predict self-immersed rumination, and attentional control-shifting had moderation effect. Anger memory predicted provocation-focused rumination, and attentional control had moderation effect. Fourth, provocation-focused rumination predicted relational aggression, and self-control had moderation effect. Discussion: Results confirmed the effect of dimensions of anger rumination on anger. Moreover, this research clarified the relationship of the variables, and the results show executive control had moderation effects. Furthermore, when subjects ruminated and focused provocating event higher, the possibility of relational aggression was decreasing.

並列關鍵字

relational aggression ； anger rumination ； executive control ； attentional control ； self-control

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生氣反芻特質與生氣反芻思考向度對關係攻擊的影響—注意力控制與自我控制之效果

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