後期維特根斯坦哲學與宗教之關係

The Late Wittgenstein's Philosophy and its Relate to Religion

黃競愷(Ching-Kai Huang)

指導教授 ： 曾慶豹

中原大學/人文與教育學院/宗教研究所/碩士(2007年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu200700725

摘要

中文論文摘要
探討維特根斯坦（Ludwig Wittgenstein）的前期與後期主要哲學思想，可以發現，儘管維特根斯坦本人並沒有明確表明他的宗教觀點與立場，但是從他留下的文字不難窺見當中他對宗教的看法。本研究針對後期的哲學著作，說明維特根斯坦對宗教的觀點，或者說，維特根斯坦如何看待宗教，以及這些言論在宗教上產生的激盪與啟迪。
在後期著作中，主要探討《哲學研究》（Philosophical Investigations）、《論確定性》（On Certainty 1972）、《文化與價值》（Culture and Value 1997）、《關於美學、心理學和宗教信仰的演講與談話》（Lectures and Conversations on Aesthetics, Psychology and Religious Belief 1997）等著作，對宗教著墨之處。之所以將研究的焦點置於維氏後期的思想，乃後期維特根斯坦的寫作，包含不少關於宗教論述的筆記，並且教授關於心理學、美學與宗教的課程，可以讓人較完整的理解維特根斯坦的宗教觀點。
本論文首先說明維特根斯坦前後期哲學思想的轉變，並就本論文研究的重點—後期維特根斯坦—其思想中的兩個重要語詞，「語言遊戲」及「生活形式」做出說明，並且闡述語言遊戲與生活形式彼此間的關聯。
到了第三章，由描畫維特根斯坦的宗教情懷、追溯維特根斯坦何以成為一位具有宗教意識的哲學家，並就生活形式與語言遊戲與維特根斯坦哲學中的宗教觀點進行說明。第四章的重點，由於後期維特根斯坦的著作富含宗教言論，因之對宗教哲學界產生許多的爭論。本文說明基於維特根斯坦信仰主義，產生對宗教可能有的看法與觀點，然後闡述後期維特根斯坦發展出的新方法，構建了一種具有界限的宗教。接著即是陳述於宗教哲學界，對後期維特根斯坦哲學中的宗教觀引發的議論。

關鍵詞：維特根斯坦、宗教、語言遊戲、生活形式。

關鍵字

維特根斯坦 ； 生活形式。 ； 語言遊戲 ； 宗教

並列摘要

ABSTRACT

When we investigate Ludwig Wittgenstein’s philosophy, it is obvious that he is a philosopher who has concerns on religion. Even Wittgenstein does perform his religious belief clearly; we still see his religious point of view from his writing work. The thesis focuses on late Wittgenstein’s work and explains his ideas on religion. Further more, from the thesis shows how late Wittgenstein’s philosophical thoughts affect the world of philosophy of religion.
Philosophical Investigations, On Certainty, Culture and Value and Lectures and Conversations on Aesthetics, Psychology and Religious Belief are works I would like to take a look as main reference materials, as in these books, there are many religious ideas asserted by Wittgenstein.
First of all, the thesis describes the Wittgenstein’s philosophical thoughts turning point, also the term “language game” and “form of life” are explained, as they are two core terms in late Wittgenstein’s philosophy. Moreover, language game and form of life have close relationship with Wittgenstein’s religious thoughts.
In Chapter 3, the factors cause Wittgenstein becoming a philosopher with a religious mind are demonstrated, and the relationship between late Wittgenstein’s thoughts and religion is presented.
Move on to Chapter 4, I talk about Wittgensteinian, which is fideism derived from Wittgenstein’s philosophical thoughts and how the academia discuss Wittgenstein’s philosophy from the aspect of religion.

Key words : Wittgenstein, Religion, Language game, Form of life.

並列關鍵字

Religion ； Language game ； Form of life. ； Wittgenstein

參考文獻

Wittgenstein, Ludwig.The Blue and Brown Books. (Harper Torchbooks 1970).

—— . Lectures and Conversations on Aesthetics, Psychology and Religious Belief.

Edited by Cyril Barrett. (University of California Press 1997).

1. Barrett, Cyril. Wittgenstein on Ethics and Religious Belief. (Oxford: Blackwell Publishers Ltd. 1991).

2. Clark, B.R. An Introduction to Wittgenstein’s Philosophy of Religion. (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press 2000).