- 學位論文
新成屋買賣相關問題之研究 －兼論兩岸商品房買賣之問題
Discuss issues related to the purchase of new housing － And discuss the purchase of housing in China and Taiwan issues
摘要
摘要 所謂新成屋買賣，就是購屋者向建設公司購買新蓋好，尚未有人入住之房屋。購買新成屋，一開始就是簽訂契約，當發生契約的爭議時，就會有契約審閱權的問題，以及購屋者認為契約條款無效，而要求返還定金，或購屋者違約發生違約金過高之問題。接下來為房屋品質問題，交屋時經過購屋者檢查完畢，在入住新房屋之前後，常會發生施工瑕疵及漏水問題等等。這些契約爭議及房屋品質問題，引發撰寫本篇論文之動機，研究新成屋買賣糾紛及其解決之道。 本論文主要係研究實務判決，在相關爭議上，配合學說，綜合比較評析。並依相關的法律規範，正確的適用法律，以減少買賣雙方之契約糾紛。對於交屋後常發生之品質爭議，即施工瑕疵及房屋漏水等問題，分析其根本原因並提供減少買賣糾紛的方法。 由於兩岸交流的頻繁，台商赴大陸投資者眾多，常有台商赴中國大陸購買「商品房」。中國是社會主義國家，實施土地公有制，人民不能私有土地，這是社會主義與資本主義最大的不同，所以在大陸買房子，並沒有土地所有權證，只有土地使用權證及房屋所有權證。在中國大陸購買商品房時，會有「五證」、「二書」、土地使用權、房屋產權以及發生簽約爭議時定金可否退還等等問題，於研究中國大陸相關的法令規範後，藉以保障台商之權益，避免交易糾紛。在台灣自2008年起執政黨對中國大陸政策有所調整，兩岸關係有明顯的改善，政府開放陸資來台投資。其中有關陸資購買台灣不動產，在現行法令有何限制，將一併予以介紹，以充分明瞭在兩岸交流往來中，在大陸購買商品房及在台灣購買新成屋之相關法律規範。
並列摘要
Abstract New house business is consumer purchases a new house which not yet people move in from a construction company. There are many different kind of dispute related to new house purchasing. Contract dispute from the very beginning when sign the purchasing contract, such as the right of examination reading period for the contract, the consumer regrets want to return the earnest money, high penalty issue when the consumer break the contract. Besides that also have the new house quality dispute. Although the consumer have examined the house before and after hand over, however usually have found house defects and/or leaking problems. These contract dispute and the house quality issues, are the initiation motive of the comp book paper, studies for the new house business dispute and the best solutions. This thesis mainly research from the practical judgment of the related dispute and coordinate theory to analyze and summarize. With related legal norm, the correct applicable legislation, try to reduce the event of contract dispute. Regarding to house quality dispute after hand over the new house, such as construction defects and leaking problem, try to analysis the root cause and provide the methods to reduce the business dispute. Since China and Taiwan interactive frequently, Many Taiwan enterprises invest in China, they also purchase new houses in China. China is a communistic society country, the land is owned by government not for privatization. This is the biggest difference between socialism and capitalism. Therefore, purchases house in China only have the right of land and house usage, but the land ownership. Purchases house in China need to apply “five certificates” , “two instruction booklets”, the right of land usage and the house property right. Besides, may encounter the business dispute, such as contact dispute and return earnest money issues. After studying China related law and regulation, can provide guidance to protect Taiwan consumer’s right and avoid the business dispute. Since 2008, Taiwan incumbent party has been adjusted the foreign policy toward Mainland China. Recently China and Taiwan relationship has been improved distinctly. Taiwan government allows China enterprise come to Taiwan to invest. This thesis will introduce the regulation limit for China enterprises purchase real estate in Taiwan and related regulation for purchasing real estate in China and Taiwan.