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  • 學位論文

研發管理機制對研發績效影響之研究

A Study on Impacts of Governance Mechanisms of R&D on R&D Performance – from the Perspective of Communities of Practice (CoPs)

指導教授 : 謝龍發

摘要


面對知識經濟時代的來臨,許多企業利用研發活動來創造其競爭優勢。學者Peter Drucker 就表示十九世紀開始的現代工業經濟,未來將面臨的是一個創新的時期。不論是業界的實務者亦或是學術研究者,皆認為透過研發新產品與創新服務,可使得維持競爭優勢並奠定未來成長、發展之基礎。 研發為一個具獨特性、創造性的活動,但其卻為一難以控制及結構化的流程,因此本研究採取Wenger等人所提出的實務社群概念,來探討研發活動的管理以及其對研發績效的影響。實務社群是存在於由同一組織或跨組織成員所組成的非正式的專業團體(即有別於傳統正式組織或任務導向的專案小組等),其成員透過定期聚會、平時交談或使用網際網路科技等,分享工作相關資訊、經驗、觀念及交流情感。 因此本研究主要討論“研發管理機制”、“實務社群的形成”和“研發績效”之間的關係,並探討加入參與式領導做為“研發管理機制”與“實務社群的形成”的干擾效果。研究假設採取問卷調查方式驗證,目標受訪者為台灣高科技產業之研發人員,發放三百三十份問卷,為期一個月時間,回收總計有效問卷一百六十三份,回收率達49.1%。 針對回收問卷,進行統計分析驗證其研究假設,研究結果如下: 1.在假設1中所擬定四項關於研發管理機制之構面,其中組織結構(採取水平式的組織結構)與專業制度,確實對於實務社群形成的三個構面(溝通、專業認同、開放性)產生正向影響;研發管理機制中的整合程度,似乎和實務社群成員之間形成專業認同無影響力,但與實務社群成員之溝通、社群成員開放有其正向的影響。而研究結果亦顯示,研發管理機制之責任分配的情形,對於實務社群形成完全沒有影響。 2.本研究假設,實務社群的形成會對研發績效產生正向之影響,研究結果證明其使得實務社群形成構面中,成員間彼此的專業認同與成員間是否為一開放心胸地工作,對於研發績效有明顯地正向影響,而實務社群成員彼此間的溝通並未使研發績效產生顯著影響。 3.參與式的領導方式對研發管理機制(水平式的組織結構、整合、責任分配、與專業制)與實務社群形成間之關係,只存在輕微的影響關係。

並列摘要


This study explores the relationships between “governance mechanisms of R&D”, and “formation of CoPs”, and the relationships between “formation of CoPs” and “R&D performance”, along with the moderating role of participative leadership on the relationships between “governance mechanisms of R&D” and “formation of CoPs”. A questionnaire survey was designed to test the research hypotheses. The targeted respondents of the questionnaires are R&D members in high-tech industries in Taiwan. Out of 330 copies of dispatched questionnaires, 163 valid questionnaires were received that made a respond rate of 49.4%. The results find that: i.Among four constructs of “governance mechanisms of R&D”, “organizational structure” (horizontal organizational structure) and “qualification of professional status” both positively associate with all three constructs (i.e. “communication”, “professional identification”, and “open-mindedness”) of “formation of CoPs”; and “span of integration” positively associates with “communication” and “open-mindedness” of CoPs but not on “Professional identification” of CoPs; while “Allocation of accountabilities” does not associate with any aspect of “Formation of CoPs”. ii.“Professional identification” and “open-mindedness” of CoPs have positive impacts on R&D performance, but “communication” has no significant impact on R&D performance. iii.“Participative leadership” only has a marginal moderate effect on the relationship between “governance mechanisms of R&D” and “formation of CoPs”.

參考文獻


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