共觀福音對於主再來的不同詮釋

主的再來是基督徒關切的議題，新約聖經多處有相關的記載。這日子何時會臨到，卻存在著已然與未然之間張力的拉扯。面對這樣的難題，現代學者們建構出各式的末世論點，以處理如此艱困的挑戰。本篇論文以編修批判的方法，分析共觀福音的內容中，有哪些經文著手編修，藉由其修改經文的背後，我們可以探討福音書作者的目的。從編修批判的角度來看，福音書作者並非只是收集手頭上的資料，將之彙整起來。而是在編輯的過程中，仔細的篩選材料，經過修改過後呈現出來。福音書作者可說是神學家，編輯完成的著作，反映出各自的神學觀點。從保羅的《帖撒羅尼迦前書》中可以看到，主再來的思想於當時教會的影響，該教會認為這日子即將臨到，影響到教會和日常工作，因此保羅在書信中指責這樣的行為。這些早期的新約著作裡，可以感受到較為濃厚的末世思想。然而，當主再來不如預期這麼早的發生時，勢必成為需要面對的問題。在後期書寫的《路加福音》與《馬太福音》，改寫了使用的來源資料，發展出因應主再來遲延的神學觀點。面對過渡期盼而產生出的問題，使作者們對此議題進行不同的詮釋。

關鍵字

編修批判；共觀福音；主再來；不同詮釋

並列摘要

The Parousia is a topic that concerns many Christians, and there are many related records in the New Testament. However, there is always tension between “already” and “not yet” when it comes to the question as to when the Day will come. Facing such a difficult question, modern scholars have constructed various theories on eschatology in order to deal with it and offer some explanations. By way of redaction criticism, this thesis analyzes the content of the Synoptic Gospels and tries to identify the scriptures that have been edited. In looking into the reasons behind the redaction, the writer seeks to explore the purposes of the Gospel authors. From the perspective of redaction criticism, the gospel authors did not simply collect the materials at hand and put them together. Rather, they selected the materials with great care in the process of editing and then presented the modified version. It may be right to say that the authors of the Gospels were theologians whose compilation works reflect their respective theological viewpoints. According to Paul’s First Thessalonians, the idea of the Parousia had a great impact on the early church. The church’s belief in the imminent coming of the Day strongly affected the church and their daily work; as a result, Paul condemned their behavior in his letter to the Thessalonians. In these early writings in the New Testaments, a strong thought of eschatology can be felt. However, when the Parousia did not happen as imminent as expected, it would inevitably become a problem that needs to be faced. The Book of Luke and the Book of Matthew, which were written in the later period, were adaptations from the original materials, and some theological viewpoints were hence developed in response to the delay of the Parousia. In the face of the problems arising from the transitional expectations, the authors make different interpretations of this issue.