退休者之跨媒材體驗──以陶瓷畫為例

臺灣已經步入高齡化社會，平均壽命約80歲，退休年齡平均約60歲，表示退休後的生活長達20年左右，再加上少子化，老人獨居情形會更加嚴重。因此，對於退休者而言，如何安排適宜的休閒生活，增加生活樂趣，拓展人際關係，發展第二專長，就成為很重要的課題。高齡休閒生活種類繁多，尤以養生及運動最為常見，但是高齡藝術的普及化，也逐漸成為退休者揮灑生命色彩的另一選項。本研究以臺灣海尾藝術協會會員中的退休者為研究對象，探究陶瓷畫的跨媒材體驗、退休者參與陶瓷畫創作的動機及對各方面的影響。本研究以質性研究方式對參與陶瓷畫創作的退休者進行深度訪談，並以紮根理論進行資料分析。結果發現，退休者的參與動機來自人際關係、容易參與、抒壓療癒、心情愉快、實用獨特、全新學習；而陶瓷畫之特色與其他媒材比較後發現，因技術的進步與釉料的改良，使創作門檻降低，加上其實用的特性，相較於其他媒材，帶給人的樂趣更豐富。但由於陶瓷畫經過燒製會產生較多變化，需要耐心並花費較多練習時間，不過若掌握其特性，便可展現出其他材質的效果，是一項具多樣性與包容性的媒材。參與陶瓷彩繪創作後，學員們獲得多方面的影響，包括:滿足日常所需、降低心理壓力、增進人際關係、增進家庭和樂、社會延伸、感覺被尊重、拓展知識與視野、增進美感體驗與追求、有成就感與增進能力，以及心靈愉悅與滿足等。後續研究建議將本研究成果加以整合，並以量化方式深入探討有助於退休者的陶瓷畫藝術創作，以及可針對陶瓷畫創作藝術與文創產業之間，各種相關的鏈結進路與發展前景來做進一步的研究。

關鍵字

休閒活動；陶瓷彩繪；藝術創作；心理需求

並列摘要

Taiwan has entered an aging society with an average life expectancy of about 80 years old. The average retirement age is about 60 years old. It means that life after retirement is about 20 years. Therefore, for retirees, how to arrange a suitable leisure life, enhance the joy of life, expand interpersonal relationships, and develop second expertise will become an important issue. There are many kinds of leisure life in senior age, especially wellness-promotion activities and sports are the most common, but the popularization of art for senior citizens has gradually become another option for retirees. This study takes the retirees of Taiwan Hai Way Art Association as the research object, explores the cross-media experience of ceramic painting, the motivation of retirees to participate in ceramic paintings and its influence on various aspects. This study conducts in-depth interviews with retirees involved in ceramic paintings in a qualitative way, and conducts data analysis with grounded theory. The results showed that the motivation of retirees' participation was from interpersonal relationship, easy participation, stress-lifting, having a cheerful heart, being practical and unique, and brand-new learning. After comparing the characteristics of ceramic paintings with those of other media, we found that they have more fun than other media because technological progress and enamel improvements have lowered the threshold of creation, besides their being more practical. However, since ceramic paintings undergo glaze firing, they will change a lot and it requires patience and more time to practice as well. Nevertheless, if you manage to master their characteristics, you will be able to derive similar outcome from other materials. It is a medium with diversity and inclusiveness. After participating in the creation of ceramic paintings, the participants experienced a variety of influences, including: meeting their daily needs, reducing psychological stress, improving interpersonal relationships, promoting family harmony and happiness, social extension, feeling respected, expanding knowledge and vision, enhancing aesthetic experience and pursuit, a sense of accomplishment and capability enhancement, as well as spiritual pleasure and satisfaction. That the research results should be integrated in the future studies. The ceramic painting art that helps retirees can be explored in a quantitative way. The various related links and developmental prospects can be further drawn between the art of ceramic painting creation and the creative industry.