以溶膠-凝膠法改質天然黏土製備聚丙烯奈米複材之微混練加工與性質探討

Study on Preparation and Characterization of Sol-Gel Modified Clay for Polypropylene Nanocomposites by Micro-compounding Process

黃哲榆(Je-Yu Huang)

指導教授 ： 蔡宗燕

中原大學/理學院/化學研究所/碩士(2016年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu201600880

摘要

本研究選用天然純化黏土(Clay)層狀材料，利用溶膠-凝膠法(Sol-gel)進行改質，由結果顯示，在未添加於高分子熔融混練前已經可以先行將天然黏土達到一定程度上的脫層結構。將改質過後的天然黏土與市售聚丙烯(Polypropylene，PP)以雙螺桿微混練製備聚丙烯奈米複材，以熱壓製備薄膜試片評估各項性質。以廣角X-ray繞射分析儀(WXRD)、掃瞄式電子顯微鏡(SEM)、穿透式電子顯微鏡(TEM)鑑定改質型黏土在奈米複材當中分散性，熱重分析儀(TGA)鑑定熱穩定性質，熱傳導係數測定儀(Hot disk)鑑定熱傳導係數，差示掃描量熱儀(DSC)計算結晶度，動態機械分析儀(DMA)與拉伸試驗則是鑑定複材機械性質，氣體滲透分析儀(GPA)鑑定對氣體的阻隔性，接觸角量測與吸水率鑑定奈米複材表面親疏水性。結果顯示，PP-PPgMA-CL120-DT在各種性質鑑定最佳，其中熱穩定性最高提升9.5 %、熱傳導係數最多降低48.2 %、結晶度最高提升22.5 %、儲存模數最高提升39.4 %、抗拉強度最高提升57.3 %、阻氣性在3大氣壓可提升14.1倍、表面親水化在接觸角中最高縮小30.2度。光學性質方面因為添加無機層材將阻隔可見光與紫外光，最多降低5.5 %的可見光穿透率(透明度)，而紫外光穿透UVC降低33.9 %、UVB降低32.4 %、UVA降低17.8 %。

關鍵字

聚丙烯 ； 天然黏土 ； 奈米複合材料 ； 包裝材料

並列摘要

In this study, naturally purified clay layered material modified by Sol-Gel. The results show that modified clay had achieved exfoliated before melt blending with polymer. Modified clay mixed with the commercial polypropylene (Polypropylene, PP) for the preparation of polypropylene nanocomposites by twin-screw micro-compounding process, and then the properties of polymer nanocomposites assessed by thin film which maded by hot pressure method. In wide-angle X-ray diffraction analyzer (WXRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to identify the polypropylene nanocomposites dispersion properties, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) to identify thermal stability properties, thermal conductivity detector (hot disk) to identify thermal conductivity, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) to calculate the degree of crystallinity, dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA) and tensile test is to identify the complex material mechanical properties, gas permeability analyzer (GPA) to identify the gas barrier property, the contact angle measurement and water uptake to identify surface hydrophilicity. The results show, PP-PPgMA-CL120-DT samples in various properties identification is optimal, which enhance the thermal stability up to 9.5 %, reducing the thermal conductivity up to 48.2 %, the highest degree of crystallinity improve 22.5 %, the highest enhancement of storage modulus up to 39.4 %, the highest enhancement of tensile strength up to 57.3 %, gas barrier properties at 3 atm can improve 14.1 times, the surface contact angle reduced 30.2 degrees become more hydrophilicity. The addition of inorganic layer material obstruct visible and ultraviolet light transmition, so visible light transmittance (transparency) most reduction is only 5.5 %, and ultraviolet light transmittance UVC reduced 33.9 %, UVB reduced 32.4 %, UVA reduced 17.8 %.

並列關鍵字

Polypropylene ； Clay ； Nanocomposites ； Packaging Materials

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