天然黏土/矽橡膠奈米複合材料之製備及性質研究

Preparation and Characterization of Silicone Rubber/Clay Nanocomposites

郭榮恒(Jung-Heng Kuo)

指導教授 ： 蔡宗燕

中原大學/理學院/化學研究所/碩士(2016年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu201600887

摘要

本研究選用四種不同陽離子交換當量黏土，添加在矽橡膠中，利用機械摻合產生之高剪切力，及黏土層間離子吸附作用，將高分子鏈導入黏土層間，再經由高温硫化產生交聯反應，藉由化學反應之爆破力，製備矽橡膠奈米複合材料。本論文探討添加不同黏土，包括陽離子交換當量與含量的不同進行分散型態、機械性質、熱性質、難燃及老化性質之研究。另外探討添加SiO2於矽橡膠基材，強化矽橡膠物性增加黏性，加強混練效果，使造成更大剪切力而使黏土剝離分散更均勻，與未添加SiO2之矽橡膠性質比較。本研究藉由廣角X光繞射儀與穿透式電子顯微鏡觀察黏土在矽橡膠高分子中的分散型態，複合材料為海型插層分散；以拉力試驗機測其複材的機械性質，抗張強度分別提升102 %及47 %；並利用熱重分析儀檢測奈米複合材料的熱裂解溫度，可由380 ℃提升至465 ℃，增加85 ℃；以限氧指數儀來測試複材的難燃性，難燃性增加3.8 %；最後使用永久壓縮歪度測試器檢測抗老化性能，變形率分別降低43 %及23 %。

關鍵字

黏土 ； 複合材料 ； 矽橡膠

並列摘要

In this study, there are four natural clays (CL39, CL42, CL88 and CL120) with different cation exchange capacitiy (CEC) natural clay used for the preparation of silicone rubber/ clay (SR), silica-silicone rubber/ clay (SSR) nanocomposites by high-shear-force blending process. The structure and dispersion morphology of the prepared nanocomposites were investigated by measurement of wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. It was found that the presence of natural clay enhances the dispersion morphology of nanocomposites. In the cases of higher content ratio of CL88 or CL120 of rubber nanocomposites, they show the peaks at lower 2θ which are evidence due to sea-type of clay dispersion in the polymer matrix. There is only amorphous silica peak appear in CL 42, CL 39 rubber nanocomposites. There is no clay peak, due to homogenous dispersion morphology of clay in polymer matrix. Further, it was proved by TEM analysis. The presence of the nanofiller increased the thermal stability of the nanocomposites, as measured by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Mechanical properties were measured by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), among all composites storage module of SSR-CL 42-5phr, SSR-CL 120-5phr nanocomposites increased 47% and 104% respectively. The fire resistance properties were measured by Limiting Oxygen Index (LOI). Flammability of all nanocomposites, SSR nanocomposites increased 3.8 % as compare to pure rubber. Moreover, nanocomposites viscosity, shear force and peeling strength properties investigated.

並列關鍵字

clay ； composites ； silicone rubber

參考文獻

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