學齡前自閉症類群障礙症兒童氣質、母親之社會網絡與父母共親職

養育自閉症類群障礙症（Autism Spectrum Disorder, ASD）兒童的家庭與父母具較大的照顧負擔與壓力，ASD兒童的難養氣質與疾病之特性可能形成母親較高的教養壓力，亦影響共親職，意即身為父母對於養育兒童之責任，包含彼此支持與合作，此時源自於母親家庭系統的社會網絡，涵蓋不同來源與類型之社會支持或社會困擾可能會影響與調節母親所覺知的共親職。因此本研究目的如下：第一，探討ASD兒童之氣質因素對於共親職之主要效果；第二、探討ASD兒童之母親所覺知的社會網絡互動系統對於共親職之主要效果；第三、檢視ASD兒童之母親所覺知的社會網絡互動系統是否能作為ASD兒童氣質預測共親職之調節變項。本研究採用橫斷式研究，共75對學齡前ASD兒童（3歲0個月到7歲9個月）與其母親參與研究。請母親填答兒童行為問卷（Children’s Behavior Questionnaire, CBQ）、共親職關係量表（The Coparenting Relationship Scale, CRS）、社會網絡互動系統問卷、自閉症類群障礙檢核表（Checklist for Autism Spectrum Disorder, CASD）以蒐集學齡前ASD兒童的氣質、母親所覺知的父母共親職與社會網絡互動系統、學齡前ASD兒童的症狀分數資料，並以魏氏幼兒智力測驗（WPPSI-IV）蒐集ASD兒童之全量表智力分數（FSIQ）。透過階層迴歸進行分析，在控制ASD兒童症狀分數與全量表智力分數後，本研究發現以下三項結果：一、學齡前ASD兒童之主動控制氣質越高，能預測母親所覺知的支持性共親職越高。二、母親所覺知的整體社會支持越高，能預測支持性共親職越高、抵制性共親職越低；母親所覺知的社會困擾越高，能預測抵制性共親職越高。母親所覺知的丈夫社會支持越高，能預測支持性共親職越高；母親所覺知的丈夫社會困擾越高，能預測抵制性共親職越高。母親所覺知的情緒性與工具性社會支持越高，皆能預測支持性共親職越高；母親所覺知的訊息性社會困擾越高，能預測抵制性共親職越高。三、學齡前ASD兒童之母親所覺知的部份社會網絡互動系統能夠顯著調節學齡前ASD兒童氣質與共親職。本研究提供父母與臨床實務工作者了解父母親協調養育學齡前ASD兒童的歷程，當中不僅需要考量ASD兒童氣質，且能夠進一步考量整體家庭系統所提供之社會網絡對於教養學齡前ASD兒童時父母共親職品質之影響。

關鍵字

自閉症類群障礙症；共親職；社會支持；社會網絡互動系統；氣質

並列摘要

The familie and parent of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) bears the larger care burden and stress. The difficult temperament and symptoms of ASD may lead to higher maternal pareniting stress and also affect the coparenting as parents have shared responsibility for rearing children, and consists of the support and coordination . At this time, the coparenting of mother perceiverd may be affected and moderated by maternal social network which originate from the family system including different sources and types of social support or social undermining. Therefore, the purposes of this study are as follows. First, to invegisate the main effect of ASD preschoolers’ temperament on coparenting. Second, to explore the main effects of the maternal social network interaction system on coparenting. Third, to examine the maternal social network interaction system would be functional as a moderators on the relation between ASD preschoolers’ temperament and coparenting. The study conducted in cross-sectional design. Seventy-five pairs of ASD preschoolers (3yr 0mo. to 7yr 9mo.) and their mothers participated in the study. Several questionnaires were filled up by mothers as following: the Children’s Behavior Questionnaire (CBQ) for obtaining ASD children’s temperament, the Coparenting Relationship Scale (CRS) for obtaining supportive and undermining coparenting, the social network interaction system questionnaire for obtaining the social support and social undermining that mothers perceived, the Checklist of Autism Spectrum Disorder (CASD) for obtaining the severity of ASD symptoms. WPPSI-IV was used to collect the full scale IQ score (FSIQ) of ASD preschoolers. In hierarchical regression analysis, after controlling the severity of ASD symptoms and the full scale IQ score (FSIQ) of ASD preschoolers, this study concluded with three results. First part, the higher ASD preschoolers’ effortful control temperament predict the higher maternal perceived supportive coparenting. Second part: the higher maternal perceived general social support predict the higher the supportive coparenting and the lower undermining coparenting. The higher maternal perceived general social undermining predict the higher undermining coparenting. The higher maternal perceived husband’s social support predict the higher supportive coparenting. The higher maternal perceived husband’s social undermining predict the higher undermining coparenting. The higher maternal perceived emotional and instrumental social support predict the higher the supportive coparenting. The higher maternal perceived informational social undermining predict the higher undermining coparenting. Third part: the some social network interaction system perceived by mothers of ASD preschoolers was found as a significant moderator between ASD preschoolers’ temperament and coparenting. The study provided parents and clinical practitioners to understand the process of parenting of ASD preschoolers. It is necessary not only to consider the temperament of ASD preschoolers, but also to further consider the impact of social network interaction system from whole family system in coparenting with children with ASD.