世界設計之都對執行城市城市形象與民眾參與之影響

「世界設計之都」，是國際工業設計社團協會（ICSID）發起的兩年一度計畫，強調跨領域設計的整合，藉著「由下而上」和「民眾參與」的策略，創造城市民眾對計畫的認同感。本研究從5座「世界設計之都」執行城市的案例分析，探討該計畫對「城市形象」與「民眾參與」之影響。以文獻探討、新聞資料、出國考察報告書及訪談等，進行相關資料交叉探究為主要研究方法。並將執行城市畫分成北、中、南三個區域，做為觀察與分析地域結構，分析從2008年至2016年，5位城市治理者，如何整合團隊思考，以「人的需求」為中心，來設計區域活動。更進一步，擷取城市的建築意象、文化資產和舊地再造的文化園區，來形塑「城市形象」。最後利用擴大全民參與設計運動，共創城市價值為策略，促使「民眾參與」對執行城市有著實質影響。主要成果為：（1）2012年赫爾辛基執行「世界設計之都」計畫，以「設計思考」的理念，擴散設計的效益，獲得民眾的熱烈迴響；（2）執行計畫的城市，大部分啟用地標建築或國際級的集會所，做為活動空間場域，此舉，不僅有利於「城市形象」的行銷，亦是構成「城市形象」的第一原則；（3）運用在地文化資源，知名品牌的百年企業，更足以彰顯著「城市形象」；（4）城市舊廠房改造成的文化園區，則可展示出與眾不同城市亮點，經「設計之都」計畫後，更易成為設計地圖的新據點和新形象；（5）由「設計之都」活動所激發的「民眾參與」，體現了民意為主的真諦，也促使民眾對活動內容產生歸屬感與認同感；（6）本身不甚成功的「臺北設計之都」，則引起周邊城市公務體系的反思（臺東）。最後，對後續申辦「設計之都」的城市，本研究提出幾項建議：（1）須先確立民眾的參與度與認同感；（2）制定清晰明確的定位與目標；（3）考量活動場域的平衡，以及（4）確立未來的承續計畫，始能對執行城市的「城市形象」與「民眾參與」產生更積極的實效。

關鍵字

世界設計之都；設計思考；城市形象；民眾參與

並列摘要

“The World Design Capital” is a biennial project by the International Council of Societies of Industrial Design (ICSID) emphasizing integrated, cross-disciplinary design that creates a sense of identity among urban residents through “bottom-up” and “civil participation” strategies. This study analyzes five “World Design Capitals” to explore the impact of the project on “city image” and “citizen participation” Research methodology consists of conducting a cross-exploration of relevant materials and literature, including news reports, overseas inspection reports, and interviews. To structure the observations and analysis, the hosting cities are further divided into three regions: north, middle, and south. This study evaluates how the leaders of five cities integrated the thinking of their teams to design local activities centered on human needs. It further analyzes how they shaped their respective “city images” in cultural parks that collected images of local architecture, cultural assets, and historic sites. Finally, it analyzes the strategies whereby they broadened citizen participation in the design movement to achieve the co-creation of city value. The main outcomes are as follows: (1) When Helsinki implemented its World Design Capital project in 2012, it spread the benefits of design and received enthusiastic public response through its application of the concept of “design thinking”; (2) Most of the hosting cities used landmark buildings or international-level event venues for their activity spaces—a move that can serve as a first principle in building and marketing the “city image”; (3) Using local cultural resources and well-known brands further highlights the “city image”; (4) Cultural parks transformed from old factory buildings can show distinctive urban highlights, and after the “World Design Capital” project, these can more easily become new bases and images in the design map; (5) “Citizen participation” inspired by the “World Design Capital” activity embodies the true essence of public opinion, and also promotes a sense of belonging and identification with the content of the activity; (6) The “Taipei Design Capital” event, which was not very successful, has caused reflections on the public service systems of surrounding cities (e.g. Taitung). Finally, this study puts forward several recommendations for the cities that plan to bid for “World Design Capital” in the future: (1) public participation and sense of identity must be established first; (2) formulate clear positions and goals; (3) consider the balance of the activity field; and (4) establish a future succession plan. Only then will the hosting city be able to produce more positive and effective results from its “city image” and “citizen participation”