摘要
截至2009年，台灣申報之集塵灰超過500萬噸，這些集塵灰中有多少是屬於有害事業廢棄物，因檢測程序費時費力，因此不得而知。 目前已有不少研究針對飛灰的物理結構及化學成份進行探討，大多數的研究著重在飛灰之再利用性，或是對飛灰產物所含有之重金屬或戴奧辛及類戴奧辛物質的濃度進行探討，卻罕有學者利用生物急毒性試驗來進行討論，因此本研究利用Microtox毒性試驗之優點，進行探討Microtox應用於灰渣毒性快速篩選之可行性。 實驗測驗結果顯示，有機溶劑之空白試驗，其毒性高低排序為甲苯 > 正己烷 > 二氯甲烷／正己烷混合液，由於甲苯溶劑空白毒性過高，導致V. fischeri螢光菌測量不到空白溶劑試驗之EC50值，因此樣品之實驗皆使用毒性較低之攜帶溶劑DMSO來進行測試。飛灰經過有機溶液萃取並轉置於DMSO後大多皆呈現顯著的毒性反應，二氯甲烷/正己烷萃取液，不論是超音波萃取或索氏萃取，直接濃縮或管柱淨化，除了索氏萃取管柱淨化的燃燒空桶之一次冷卻灰之外，其他樣品都呈現強毒性；正己烷萃取液，索氏萃取管柱淨化的燃燒廢液之一次冷卻灰呈現劇毒性；甲苯萃取液，超音波萃取管柱淨化的燃燒空桶之一次冷卻灰呈現劇毒性，所有樣品呈現的生物急毒性和管制的八種重金屬濃度並無明顯相關性。 在統計分析之結果，顯示飛灰樣品中不同溶劑、溶質與萃取方式對於Microtox毒性試驗測值有顯著的影響。
並列摘要
More than 5 million tons of ashes were produced until 2009. It was unknown that how many ashes are classified into the hazardous wastes owing to the complicated measurements. Many researches are focused on the investigation of fly ashes’ physical structure and chemical composition, the reuse of the fly ashes, or the detection of metals concentration and PCDD/Fs concentration of the fly ashes. However, there were few studies to discuss the acute toxicity for the fly ashes. In this study, Microtox was applied to fly ashes to evaluate the toxicity of extracted fly ashes and the feasibility to be a fast-screening tool. The results showed that the acute toxicity tests of the three various solvents only: toluene was the most toxic, following the n-hexane, and then the dichloromethane/n-hexane. The DMSO was used as the transferred solvent to the Microtox test to reduce the influence of organic solvents’ toxicity to the V. fischeri. According to the TU values, dichloromethane/n-hexane extracts were all very toxic except ash 3 through soxhlet extraction following the column clean-up procedure. N-hexane extracts for ash 6 through soxhlet extraction following the column clean-up procedure was extremely toxic. Toluene extracts for ash 3 through ultrasonic extraction following the column clean-up procedure was extremely toxic. There was no significant difference among the regulated 8 heavy metals concentration and the TU values for the Microtox test. Additionally, the results of the statistic analysis showed that there was significant difference for the Microtox test among the used solvents, solutes and various extraction methods.