整合區塊鏈分散式架構於遊戲式學習系統與獎勵機制

近年來區塊鏈廣泛應用在教育領域上，但多數研究探討紀錄學習者的學習過程、成果或是教育機構的認證與安全性。而應用在數位遊戲上的研究主要探討數位遊戲與區塊鏈架構的結合、提出新的共識機制優化數位遊戲的效能，缺乏以教學為導向設計的研究。因此，本論文主軸為整合區塊鏈分散式架構於遊戲式學習系統，藉由區塊鏈共識機制設計遊戲式學習系統的得分與獎勵機制，探討其是否影響學習者的學習動機與學習態度。本研究基於區塊鏈分散式架構建置遊戲式系統並且進行教學實驗，在遊戲式系統中設計二種得分與獎勵機制，其中一種為一般遊戲式的得分與獎勵機制，學習者每題得到固定的分數，並不會依照學習程度作為區分；另一種以成就證明共識機制設計的得分與獎勵機制，其主要採用Komiya與Nakajima（2019）提出的成就證明共識機制（POA）用來優化數位遊戲的獎勵機制，在遊戲中成就越高的學習者越有機會獲得更多獎勵，並且本研究初步以JAVA程式語言課程置入遊戲式系統作為實驗的教材。研究結果顯示，學習者在使用區塊鏈設計的得分與獎勵機制後，學習態度上有顯著的差異。在學習動機方面，因本研究實驗設計主要比較二種得分機制對學習動機上的差異，導致自我效能構面無顯著影響，其餘內在目標導向、外在目標導向、工作價值、控制信念與期望成功構面皆有顯著性的差異。本研究貢獻為整合區塊鏈分散式架構建置一套遊戲式學習系統，並以區塊鏈共識機制的概念設計遊戲的得分與獎勵機制，利用遊戲式系統作為輔助教學的方式，影響學習者的學習動機、學習態度與提升學習者對於遊戲式系統的價值，往後的研究亦能參照此框架發展不同課程的學習系統。

關鍵字

區塊鏈；共識機制；數位遊戲式系統；數位學習

並列摘要

In recent years, blockchain has been widely used in the field of education, but most of the studies explore the record of learner’s learning process, results, certification and security of educational institutions. In the meantime, gaming researches combine digital games and blockchain architecture, proposing new consensual mechanism to optimize the performance of digital games. However, few researches focus on teaching-oriented blockchain design. Therefore, this research aims to integrate the distributed architecture of the blockchain into the game-based learning system. By use blockchain consensual mechanism, the study designs a score and reward system for game-based learning to explore whether it can affect learning motivation and learning attitude of learners. The research is based on blockchain decentralized framework to construct a game-based learning system. This system has two kinds of scoring and reward systems. The first one is a general game-style scoring and reward system. Learners get a fixed amount of score for each question The other scoring and reward system is designed with an achievement proof consensual mechanism, which mainly uses the proof of achievement consensual mechanism (POA) proposed by Komiya and Nakajima (2019) to optimize reward system of digital games. Higher achievements in the game have a chance to get more rewards. This research initially uses the JAVA programming language course as the experimental teaching material to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed system. The findings of this study are as follows. After learners use the scoring and reward mechanism designed by the blockchain consensual mechanism, there are significant differences in their learning attitudes. For the learning motivation, the “intrinsic goal orientation”, “extrinsic goal orientation”, “task value”, “locus of control”, and “expectancy for success” all have significant differences. Because the experimental design of this study mainly compares the differences between the two scoring mechanisms on learning motivation, the self-efficacy dimension has no significant impact. The contribution of research is to integrate the distributed architecture of the blockchain with the game-based learning system. Through blockchain consensual mechanism, the study designs a score and reward system for game-based learning. The result shows the effectiveness on learning motivation, learning attitudes and enhance the value. Other courses could adopt the proposed framework to develop the game-based system in the future.