廢水與氮源對小球藻生質能源累積之探討

The effects of wastewater and nitrogen source on accumulation of Chlorella based bioenergy

高啟瀚(Chi-Han Kao)

指導教授 ： 黃郁慈

中原大學/工學院/生物環境工程研究所/碩士(2015年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu201500716

摘要

工業多元性發展，在生產的製程及使用原物料來源眾多，產生的廢水特性日益繁雜，國內產業具氨氮污染潛勢事業諸多各產業之放流水標準中均將氨氮納入放流水管制之水質項目。因過多之含氮化合物若進入水體中可能造成藻類大量繁殖，引起河川湖泊水庫之優氧化，亦可能造成特定物種優勢化、空氣污染、雨水酸化、地下水污染等環境問題，故為廢水處理相對重視之水質項目。
藻類-具有易於培養及不需大土地面積等較為經濟的優點，更進一步指出其成分與一般柴油成分相近，經加工後即可製作出生質柴油。以藻類做為生產生質柴油之高生產率及對二氧化碳回收率穩定優點，成為新一代生質能源各家爭相研究的項目。本研究著重於以下兩點:(1)分析不同培養基中氮源濃度對微藻生長最適化條件。(2)以實驗設計法探討藻體對氮源消耗與藻體中最佳油脂累積情形，找出碳鏈結構以替換相符合之柴油，也在培養過程中大量固碳，降低柴油的消耗。
本研究可以得之以下結果: (一)台灣本土藻珠P-A可以混營培養，以模擬的合成廢水中，細胞濃度最大，生長狀況最好。 (二)本土藻珠P-A於廢水的處理上能有效的去除BOD、NO2-、NO3-，去除率達85%以上。 (三)從不同來源之營養顏進行兩階段培養，以廢水培養將在低氮階段培養後的第18小時能得到最大的油脂百分比產出53.72%。 (四)實驗分析法得知兩影響本研究藻株P-A生長狀況條件:碳源及氮源中以氮源較碳源更具影響力，微藻的生長會以兩者的成分增加而成長。而我們期望更長遠的看待藻類甚至將來以基因改植的方式，培養出可以去除科技廠之重金屬廢水，並將此一研究成果以推廣方式帶動台灣產業跟進，增加額外收入提升微藻對廢水去除之使用產業的國際競爭力。

關鍵字

微藻 ； 廢水去除 ； 生質柴油 ； 兩階段培養 ； 實驗設計法

並列摘要

With great industrial developments in Taiwan, raw materials and plenty of compounds are used in the processes which result in more complex compositions of wastewater. In fact, excess nitrogen-containing compounds can cause water pollution, such as Eutrophication and algal blooms. Actually, our government had promulgated the standards of ammonium concentration in wastewater discharging to prevent our environment from damaging.
In the other hand, compared to corn and palm trees, algae have more economical advantages such as faster growth, higher productivities, easier to be cultivated, and less planting area, etc. Furthermore, the compositions of algal lipids are similar to ordinary diesel fuel which can be used to produce biodiesel easily after extracted. Algae are not only economical plants with highly competitive, but capable to fix carbon dioxide during growth, which make algae a great potential to be the sources of recycling energy.
In this study, we are going to observe the effects of algal productivities simulated by different nitrogen-concentration cultivations. Besides, we also focuses on the following subjects: (1) analysis optimal growth conditions for algae in different nitrogen-concentration mediums, and (2) explore the relationship between nitrogen consuming and oil accumulating, and compare the carbon chain structures between the algal lipids and fossil diesel.
Here are our results: (1) Taiwan local algal strain P-A can be cultured in artificial synthetic wastewater which has the best growth conditions and the largest cell concentration. (2) Taiwan local algae P-A is capable to effectively remove BOD, NO2-, and NO3- which removal rate are up to 85.64%. Besides, the removal rates of TP, TN, TKN are reached above 70.91% during wastewater treatment. (3) Two-step wastewater culture with different medium has the best lipid concentration at 18th hours up to 53.72%, yield 108.17 mg L-1d-1. (4) The results suggest the best growth condition of algae is 407.56 mg/L carbon (glucose) and 634.70 mg/L nitrogen (NO3-) and nitrogen concentration shows more critical than carbon during the cultivating.

並列關鍵字

microalgae ； waste removal ； bio-diesel ； two-step culture ； experimental design

參考文獻

27.蘇純平，2010，微藻類之生質能源開發，中原大學土木工程學系碩士論文。

29.張哲瑋，2012，不同條件下對小球藻生長與油脂累積之探討，中原大學土木工程學系碩士論文。

31.賴仲威，2013，探討二氧化碳與廢水對微藻油脂累積的影響，中原大學土木工程學系碩士論文。

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