摘要
計算機圖學的一個主要醫學應用為提供手術模擬。人體最大的關節:膝關節之手術在所有關節中比重最高，術式種類也多。膝關節手術有兩類，第一類需打開膝蓋，主要對構成膝關節骨頭:股骨、脛骨及髕骨進行手術，另一類為關節鏡手術僅在膝關節打開細微傷口讓一個關節鏡進入觀察關節面組織，並同時由另一細微傷口讓手術工具進入觀察關節修補或置換韌帶、修補或切刮除半月板、刮平骨頭表面軟骨以緩和退化性關節炎等。本計畫提出膝關節組織: 骨頭、韌帶、半月板及關節面骨頭表面軟骨的邊界及其內病變特徵辨識的方法，並開發打開膝蓋及關節鏡手術等各項膝關節手術術式之模擬方法。所開發之膝關節容積形狀特徵辨識及手術模擬方法與試作系統對膝關節手術之手術計畫擬定、驗證、手術練習與教學有很大幫助。
關鍵字
容積視覺化、膝關節、手術模擬並列摘要
A major medical application of computer graphics is surgical simulation. The body's largest joint: knee involves surgery of the highest proportion in all joints, also many types of surgical procedures. Knee surgery has two categories. The first needs to open the knee to operate mainly the main constituent of the knee bones: the femur, tibia and patella. The other is arthroscopic surgery in which the knee arthroscopy makes a slight wound to insert the arthroscopy into the knee. Meanwhile, another surgical tool such as a bur or a knife makes another slight wound and inserted into the knee for repairing, replacing or cutting articular ligaments, meniscus or bone cartilage. This thesis proposes a method and prototype system for meniscectomy simulations in which ligament, meniscus, articular and bone surface of from MRI slices can be semi-automatically bordered to form a volume data set. Then, the meniscus can be deleted based on manipulating the volume data. The meniscus simulations help surgical plan, validation, surgical practice and teaching.