傾度監測組件受邊坡環境影響的變異性驗證試驗研究

Experimental Study on Variations of Tilt Monitoring Devices due to the Slope Ambient Impact

楊凱鈞(Kai-Chun Yang)

指導教授 ： 張達德

中原大學/工學院/土木工程研究所/博士(2016年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu201600674

摘要

目前任何土建結構物包括邊坡、橋梁等傾度監測的經驗與案例中，所使用的電子式傾度計本身即有溫度補償，以及溫度-傾度關係公式可以進行數值的修正。但是，實際於現地應用發現時，發現隨著環境溫度的上升，傾度數值會經過一段無固定的延遲時間才會產生變異。因此，目前仍然無法針對環境溫度對傾度數值造成的影響變異，進行有效的修正。此外，儀器長期於現地監測運作下，傾度數值也會受到其他環境因素的影響而產生變異，進而造成監測系統誤報，對管理單位相當困擾。
本研究以自製的WSN傾度計於國道三號3.1K邊坡處，近一年的監測成果，初步釐清主要影響WSN傾度數值產生變異性與穩定性的邊坡環境因素。規劃於無使用任何固定架的條件下，進行高低環境溫度的室內試驗，藉此瞭解WSN傾度計受高低環境溫度對傾度數值的影響程度。並依據室內試驗結果，將受溫度影響較小的WSN 0.1。傾度計，分別以傳統固定安裝方式(螺絲、螺帽)以及新式固定安裝方式(耐高溫材料―綠寶)架設，進行室外環境變異的驗證試驗。
研究成果除了可以藉此驗證使用傳統螺絲、螺帽的固定方式，確實會受高低環境溫度，而有熱脹冷縮效應、內應力不均的現象。而且於風力、降雨等其他環境因素影響下，造成傾度數值有不穩定、變異性增大的現象發生。同時也驗證使用新式固定安裝方式―綠寶進行儀器固定安裝的包覆，可以有效隔絕、降低高低環境溫度、風力以及降雨等環境因素對傾度數值造成的影響。並依據室內、室外的試驗結果，納入各種環境因素對傾度數值造成的變異性，有別於一般以滑動速度研訂的管理值，而是以統計學中"管制圖"的原理，研訂"表徵變異穩定性"的管理值。使未來WSN傾度計適用於坡面傾度變異的長期監測，可呈現出坡面實際的傾度狀態，有效掌握鐵、公路邊坡的穩定性，作為研判邊坡穩定的參考依據，以達即時(Real Time)防災之功效。

關鍵字

坡地監測 ； 邊坡環境 ； 傾度變異 ； 無線感測網路

並列摘要

MEMS Titlemeter which is used in the current slope and bridges monitoring experiences has temperature compensation function and temperature–inclination of the relation formula which can correct the inclined values. However in the field monitoring, as the ambient temperature raise, the inclined values will undergo a not regular delay period, then the variation occurs. Therefore, the variation of inclination values which cause by the ambient temperature still cannot be efficiently corrected. In addition, the MEMS Titlemeter which undergo a long-term field monitoring, the inclination value will also be affected by other environmental factors, and lead to false alarms from monitoring system.
In this study, self-made WSN tilt meter can set in the National Highway No. 3 3K+100 for nearly one year. The monitoring results preliminary clarify the main slope environment factors which cause the variability and stability of inclined values.By planning to use without any holder, high and low ambient temperature laboratory test will be used to test WSN tilt meter by the degree of influence on the inclination of values. Based on laboratory test results, WSN 0.1。Tilt meter which is less affected by temperature will be set in the field under two different ways: the traditional fixing method (i.e. using bolts and nuts) and the new compound material ― Greenpower to enclose and install devices.
The result shows that the traditional fixing method will be affected by high/ low ambient temperature, then the effect of thermal expansion and contraction, uneven internal stress occurs. Under the influence of wind, rain and other environmental factors, result in an unstable and increased variability inclined values.This study also approve Greenpower to enclose and install devices, can be effectively reduce the impact of high/ low ambient temperatures, wind, rain and other environmental factors on the value of an inclination. Based on laboratory and field tests, incorporating the variability caused by various environmental factors, and used the statistics principle "Control Chart" to set appropriate management value.In the future, WSN tilt meter is suitable for slope surface inclination variation for long-term monitoring, and can provide the actual slope inclination state. Also can be regard as a reference for slope stability of railway and highway, to achieve real-time disaster prevention.

並列關鍵字

Slope Monitoring ； Variation of Inclination ； Slope Environmental ； Wireless Sensor Network

參考文獻

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