應用無線感測網路提高隧道防救災機制之研究

A Study of Using Wireless Sensor Network Improvement of Tunnel Disaster Prevention and Rescuing Scheme

李明儒(Ming-Ru Li)

指導教授 ： 張達德

中原大學/工學院/土木工程學系/碩士(2006年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu200600446

摘要

現今，在台灣地區交通量遽增情況下，為了往來交通之便利，新開闢的公路隧道勢必愈多，隧道斷面、長度亦愈增長，除應考慮工程經費、流暢度外，未來隧道內事故的預警與救援勢必成為重要的課題。因此，本研究為了瞭解無線感測網路系統應用於隧道以提高隧道防救災機制，在理論分析方面透過電腦模擬方法，使用美國國家標準技術研究所及建築物與火災研究所(NIST/BFRL)所發展出的CFD火災模擬軟體FDS (Fire Dynamics Simulator)程式來預測隧道火災試驗結果。
根據研究成果指出，當隧道內發生火災事故時，應用無線感測網路即時發出溫度訊號至行控中心，在災害初期經由廣播設備、隧道內外資訊可變標誌，警示用路人將車輛靠隧道兩側停放或停置緊急停車彎，並從車行上游面立即逃生，迅速進入人行或車行聯絡隧道避難，並在隧道口設置路柵阻止忽視號誌的車輛進入隧道，同時配合適當警力交管疏散，避免車輛延滯時間過長，影響救援行動，而消防單位則可經由對向隧道通過車行橫坑抵達事故點，以無線感測網路溫度顯示結果作為潛入隧道救災位置之依據，進行滅火救援工作。

關鍵字

隧道 ； FDS ； 火災模擬 ； 無線感測網路

並列摘要

In today’s Taiwan, the traffic volume has significantly increased from the past. To provide a more convenient transportation network, new highways and tunnels will be needed and these new tunnels will have larger cross-sections and longer distances. Other than construction budgets and smoothness of traffic flows, the emergency warning and rescuing system will be the next important topic to be considered. In this research, efforts were concentrated on using wireless sensor networks in the tunnel’s emergency warning and rescuing system. In the theoretical analysis, tunnel fire was simulated by using the Fire Dynamic Simulator (FDS) program developed by the Building and Fire Research Laboratory (BFRL) of the United States National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST).
The research results indicate that a wireless sensor network can detect the temperature and notify the traffic control center when there is a tunnel fire. Immediately, warning messages will be announced through the broadcasting system and tunnel information board. Tunnel users will be guided to park the cars along both sides of the tunnel or at the designated emergency parking areas. All personals will move away from the fire and leave the tunnel through the emergency passage or escape tunnels. At the same time, barriers will be set at the tunnel’s entrance to prevent unnecessary vehicles entering. Polices and the traffic control center will guide traffic away from the tunnel and prevent it from delaying the rescuing efforts. By using data collected from the wireless sensor network, the fire department can use the opposite direction’s tunnel and cross tunnel to reach the fire’s location and fight the fire as soon as possible.

並列關鍵字

fire modeling ； wireless sensor network(WSN) ； tunnel ； fire dynamics simulator(FDS)

參考文獻

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