缺氧環境對薄膜生物反應槽除磷系統之影響

The Influence of Anoxic Condition on a Phosphate Removal Membrane Bioreactor

歐尚鑫(Shang-Sin Ou)

指導教授 ： 游勝傑

中原大學/工學院/土木工程學系/碩士(2006年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu200600538

摘要

利用薄膜分離功能結合生物處理的技術發展出的薄膜生物處理程序，能大幅的提高對於廢水處理的效率，因此亦成為各種產業及都市污水處理技術的主要研究議題之一。本研究為結合傳統循序批分式生物反應槽（sequencing batch bioreactor, SBR）及薄膜生物處理程序（membrane bioreactor, MBR）而發展出循序批分式薄膜生物反應槽（sequencing batch membrane bioreactor, SBMBR），以不同延時之間歇曝氣方式及不同配比之分段式進流探討碳、氮、磷成分廢水之處理效率，並亦以不同試程之SBMBR模廠所馴養出的污泥，利用批次實驗探討脫硝除磷現象。
在以不同延時間歇曝氣比SBMBR程序操作下，間歇曝氣比厭氧/好氧/缺氧/好氧＝3/3/2/4小時之COD、TN及TP去除率分別為95.5％、72.84％及63.33％。而間歇曝氣比厭氧/好氧/缺氧/好氧＝3.5/3.5/2.5/2.5小時之COD、TN及TP去除率分別為97.1％、32.3％及49.53％。
固定間歇曝氣比厭氧/好氧/缺氧/好氧＝3.5/3.5/2.5/2.5小時以不同分段式進流配比進行SBMBR程序之操作下，分段式進流配比厭氧/好氧/缺氧/好氧＝8/0/2/0之COD、TN及TP去除率分別為97.1％、44.9％及22.09％。分段式進流配比厭氧/好氧/缺氧/好氧＝9/0/1/0之COD、TN及TP去除率分別則為96.7％、74.9％及96.69％。
整體而言，以間歇曝氣比厭氧/好氧/缺氧/好氧＝3.5/3.5/2.5/2.5，分段式進流配比厭氧/好氧/缺氧/好氧＝9/0/1/0進行SBMBR模廠之操作下，在厭氧段及好氧段中均有最佳之比釋磷量與比攝磷量，且經由分段進流亦可降低第一好氧段之比硝化量並提高缺氧段之比脫硝量，雖然系統中仍一度有23.81mg-N/l之亞硝酸鹽累積但經由模廠長期馴養，缺氧段亦有明顯之攝磷行為，因此為四個試程中最佳之程序操作條件。
在SBR模廠之脫硝除磷批次試驗中，亞硝酸鹽濃度達4 mg-N/l即有抑制攝磷行為發生。而在不同延時間歇曝氣比SBMBR程序之脫硝除磷批次試驗可知，試程一與試程二分別在亞硝酸鹽添加濃度為20mg-N/l及30mg-N/l以上始有抑制攝磷行為之發生，相較於各批次試驗中比攝磷率之差異可知，當系統中可利用亞硝酸鹽之PAO數量增加時，受到亞硝酸鹽抑制的濃度界限可提高。
同時在SBMBR及SBR試驗中均發現在亞硝酸鹽濃度較高時，攝磷速率有增加之趨勢，因此有強迫攝磷行為之行為發生。而攝磷速率則與硝酸鹽濃度的高低無關。
在有足量碳源供給釋磷後進行亞硝酸鹽添加之試驗中可知，亞硝酸鹽添加僅在反應剛開始會造成攝磷行為的抑制，其後可正常攝磷，而100 mg-N/l之亞硝酸鹽添加則完全不會有抑制現象發生，因此在高PHB累積下，亦可提高產生亞硝酸鹽抑制的濃度界限。

關鍵字

分段式進流 ； 脫硝除磷 ； 間歇曝氣 ； 抑制 ； 薄膜生物處理程序

並列摘要

The membrane biological processes, which utilize the separation function of membrane and combine biological treatment technology could improve the wastewater treatment efficiency, becomes one of the major process treating various kinds of industrial and domestic wastewaters in the last decade. This study combines two kinds of systems, i.e., SBR (sequencing batch bioreactor) and MBR (membrane bioreactor), to establish an SBMBR (sequencing batch membrane bioreactor). The influence of different operation time and proportions of segmental inflow to the removal efficiency of SBMBR process was performed. This research also studied the influence of nitrite and nitrate to the phosphate uptake performance by using several batch experiments.
Under different operation time of intermittent aeration condition controlled, the removal efficiency of COD, TN and TP is 95.5%, 72.84% and 63.33% respectively in the stage contain anaerobic/aerobic/anoxic/aerobic phases with intermittent aeration proportion 3/3/2/4 hrs; the removal efficiency of COD, TN and TP is 97.1%, 32.3% and 49.53% respectively in the stage contain anaerobic/aerobic/anoxic/aerobic phases with intermittent aeration proportion 3.5/3.5/2.5/2.5 hrs.
Under anaerobic/aerobic/anoxic/aerobic phases with intermittent aeration proportion 3.5/3.5/2.5/2.5 hrs condition controlled, the removal efficiency of COD, TN and TP is 97.1%, 44.9% and 22.09% respectively in the stage contain anaerobic/aerobic/anoxic/aerobic phases with segmental inflow proportion 8/0/2/0; the removal efficiency of COD, TN and TP is 96.7%, 74.9% and 96.69% respectively in the stage contain anaerobic/aerobic/anoxic/aerobic phases with segmental inflow proportion 9/0/1/0.
All in all, there are the best specific phosphate-release rate and specific phosphate-uptake respectively in the anaerobic and aerobic phase of procedure 4th. And utilizing the segmental inflow in stages can reduce the special nitrification amount in the 1st aerobic phase and increase the specific denitrification in anoxic phase. Although there is 23.81mg NO2-N/l in the procedure, the stage with obvious phosphate-uptake in the anoxic phase still has the best operation condition through raising and train for a long time.
Results from denitrification/phosphate-uptake batch experiments in SBR and SBMBR revealed the inhibiting effect of nitrite was respectively found at different concentration. Thus, more PAOs which can utilize nitrite for electron accepter the higher limit of the inhibiting effect by nitrite cause. There is trend of increase in the phosphate-uptake rate because of the behavior of phosphate-uptake compulsion happen to high concentration of nitrite in SBMBR and SBR, but have nothing to do with the concentration of nitrate.
After the full quantity carbon source supplies to release the phosphorus to carry on experiment in the nitrite increase to be possible to know, the inhibiting effect of nitrite was found at the outset, and to continue phosphate-uptake normally. By no inhibiting effect after 100mg-NO2-N/l addition, we know that the limit of the inhibiting effect by nitrite cause could be raised at high concentration accumulation.

並列關鍵字

inhibiting effect. ； intermittent aeration ； denitrification/phosphate-uptake ； membrane biological processes ； segmental inflow

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