本研究主要探討如何在颱風造成之洪水期間求得最佳水庫放水量,使水庫本體安全、下游不因水庫放水而使河川水位過高、颱風過後水庫儘可能達到滿水位。因此,正確的水庫操作顯得非常重要。 本研究以石門水庫、上游集水區及下游新海大橋為研究區域,利用民國 85 至 91 年間颱風侵台時期之資料,首先以類神經網路(Artificial Neural Network,簡稱 ANN)建立一降雨-逕流模式,以推估石門水庫未來 4 小時可能發生的入流量;接著以類神經網路分析水庫洩洪時對下游新海橋水位增量之影響;最後使用模糊決策分析(Fuzzy Decision)求得洪水時期水庫最佳放流量,達到水庫最佳操作,以供石門水庫即時操作之參考。
We took Shihmen Reservoir, its watershed, and Hsin-hai Bridge in downstream as examples; the datas of invading typhoon in 1996 to 2002 are used in this paper. At first, the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is used to simulate the rainfall-runoff model and to predict the inflows of 4 hours later in Shihmen Reservoir. Secondly, we focus on Hsin-hai Bridge. The ANN is applied to analyze the water stage increment of the river due to Shihmen Reservoir drainage. In the last phase, Fuzzy Decision Analysis is used to select the best drainage of reservoir during the period of flood and to achieve the optimum reservoir operation. It is expected that results of this study could be used for online reservoir operation in the future.