都會旅次之時空特性分析

The Analysis of Time-Space Characteristics for Metropolitan Trips

郭育碩(Yu-Hsuo Kuo)

指導教授 ： 廖祐君

中原大學/工學院/土木工程學系/碩士(2006年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu200600648

摘要

都市旅運者之旅運決策過程，除了受到個人及家戶社經因素影響外，也受限於外在環境之影響，如居住區位、時間限制、運輸環境等，均可能影響旅運者之旅運時間、旅次長度、旅次目的等決策。其中時間與空間是很重要的影響因素，在時間方面，旅運者受限於自身之時間預算與活動本身之時間限制；在空間方面，旅運者則受限於其旅運能力與外在提供活動參與機會之多寡，本研究希望藉由活動之參與時段與旅運距離，分析旅運者於不同居住區位下之活動時空分佈情形。
文獻指出個體旅運行為會受居住區位都市發展強度之影響，本研究先利用居住區位作為特性區隔，找出各區位內旅運者之活動時空分佈情形。其次利用旅運起始時間作為群落分析依據，得到較適切之九類活動參與時窗；在空間分群方面，則以旅次長度作為分類準則，將其分為短旅次、中旅次及長旅次。透過時空分群，再依據旅次目的進行分析，得知不同居住區位之旅運者，進行特定旅次目的時，參與時窗及旅運距離之可能分佈。
本研究使用美國交通部於2001年所調查之NHTS資料，分析結果得知不同居住區位之旅運者會呈現不同之旅運行為，如鄉村區位旅運者之平均旅運長度較其他區位大；不同旅次目的也會產生不同之時空分佈情形，如接人旅次與送人旅次有不同之尖峰時間，社交娛樂旅次主要發生在下班時間後，且其平均旅運長度僅次於工作旅次；透過本研究之特性分析，對都會旅運者之旅運行為有進一步之瞭解，並能作為相關運輸政策之參考。

關鍵字

活動時空分佈 ； 旅運行為 ； 群落分析

並列摘要

The decisions of trip makers are not only influenced by socio-economic characteristics, also by the external factors, such as locations, activity schedules, provision of transportation services, and so on. According to the time-space prism proposed by Hägerstrand, the temporal and spatial factors of activities need to be coordinated to each other. Along the time dimension, travelers’ decisions are constrained by individual time budget and the properties of activities; they are also conditioned geographically by accessibility and opportunities to participate at specific activity. This study primarily focused on time-space factors and tried to look into differences among activities.

Since individual’s activity/travel behavior is likely related to his home location, the residential-location was used for market segmentation to find the time-space distribution of activities at various urban areas. Next, cluster analysis was adapted to classify the departure time and the length of trips. Trip purposes were added to further travel tendencies both in time and space.

By using the NHTS travel data collected by U.S. Department of Transportation, the analysis results revealed that people in rural area travel longer than urban residents; and activities are proceeded at different peak periods. According to this study, the basic properties of trips in terms of purpose and length were shown to highly intertwined with factors of time and space.

並列關鍵字

cluster analysis ； time-space distribution ； travel behavior

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