屋頂上的「家」－以臺北縣市公寓「頂樓加建」的居住空間作為人與空間關係研究－

"Home" on the Roof－A study on the Rooftop Annex of Apartment Building in Taipei

謝家銘(Chia-Ming Hsieh)

指導教授 ： 喻肇青 ； 季鐵男

中原大學/設計學院/建築研究所/碩士(2006年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu200600850

摘要

『你有多久沒抬頭仰望著天空？』尤其是在都市中面對「生存戰爭」的我們，還記得那小時候蔚藍的天空嗎？在台灣的都市裡，充滿著由現代主義下的「公寓」所營造下的「居所」，在這裡回「家」僅剩下了一種睡眠上的生理需要，人與環境的互動與連結消失了，「家」消失了。在這樣的氛圍下，「空間」成了一種商業經濟下的產物，成為追求坪數的大小與獲利的可能。

研究者藉由台灣都市裡特有的「屋頂加建」空間現象，作為人與空間的「關係」探討；台灣都市的「頂加」與第三世界國家中的「鐵皮屋」有一定的差異，雖然所採用的「材料」會有所類似，但在空間形成背後卻存在著差異；我們可從許多的相關資料去了解第三世界國家中的「鐵皮」能被解釋成為一種「貧窮」的象徵，尤其相對於「現代化」的過程中更現突兀，當然在這背後也存在著許多「社會學」探討的權力與政治結構議題。但在台灣，我們的「頂加」雖帶有些許社會經濟上的現實，這其中或許尚存有人與空間上的互動與交集，這種人與空間上的互動在「頂加」成為一個「居所」時被展開；「頂加」於此不僅是能以實用需求或違章的行為簡單看待，「頂加」彰顯著人面對「家」的一種基本的內在渴望與外在實踐。

研究者從居於「頂加」內的「居者」開展探討，找尋都市內「生活」、「家」的渴望及「生存」的反映。在文本的書寫上借由質性研究的方法找尋存於「空間」內生活的「現象學」關鍵，輔以「行為學」作為交叉探討，思考都市生活與生存間角力；以「頂加」空間尋找人「存在」的內力，藉由訪談思考天、人、地三者的「存在」狀態，進而討論日常生活戰爭下的策略，在引用詩人羅門的都市詩討論生存與生活，最後通過永續與《慢活》的觀念以及小孩對「家」的想像與表達，引導至對當下生活的省思。在架構上，整體的書寫偏向於詩學般的結構方式，分以數章不斷地反覆提問批判與反省，嘗試探索存在於人與空間中所「看不見」的「本質」，藉以用做為面對都市化過程中「生活」的一種省思與行動。

「家」是居者生活與生命的一個載體，在都市化的過程中，「家」的觀念往往一再被「現代主義的方格子」而遺忘，回溯中國的哲學思想對「天」、「人」與「土地」之三者「存在」，「頂加」所提供出來的這塊「非土地」或許暗示出來未來都市空間的另一種形態與結構的可能。

關鍵字

生存與生活 ； 生活現象 ； 存在 ； 家 ； 天-人-地 ； 頂加

並列摘要

“How long haven’t you looked up at the sky?” Especially we, who are now facing the ”survival war” in our urban living, may still remember the bright blue sky we had in childhood. In Taiwan, urbanized areas abound with the “dwelling units” that stacked in the modernistic “apartments.” In here, going “home” is just merely a physiological need of sleeping. The links and interactions between people and environment have now vanished and “home” has vanished as well. The “space” is treated as one kind of commercial product and has become a possibility of profit for people to pursue.

The intention of this research is to take this unique phenomenon of “roof annex” as a subject for discussion of "relations" between human and space. The “roof annex” in Taiwan certainly differs from the “metal sheet shelter” in the third world countries. Although there are similarities in material uses, the meanings behind the formation of space are quite different. From many correlation data where we can find the “metal sheet shelter” could be interpreted as an icon of “poor”, especially it became more conspicuous form in the comparative process of “modernization.” Of course, behind this conspicuousness, the authority of “Sociology” treats the problem as structure of power and political issues. In Taiwan, although our “roof annex” phenomenon carries some reality of social economy, however, some interactions between human and space might exist. In fact, these interactions generated by the “roof annex” unfold “the becoming of dwelling”. Then, the “roof annex” cannot only be simplified as practical need and illegal structure; it manifests our basic intrinsic aspiration and external effectuation of “home.”

Starting from the understanding of the residents of “roof annex” to search for the “daily living”, the “home” aspiration and the “existential” reflection in the urban life. The qualitative research methods are used to search for the phenomenological meaning of life embedded in the space; with the assistance of “Behaviorism” the wrestling between urban life and survival is also cross-examined. Through the understanding of “roof annex” space the internal force of “being” of human is revealed; and through the interview with dwellers the condition of “Being” of the “sky-human-earth” is uncovered, and then to discuss the surviving tactic of daily life, quoted from poet Lomen’s City Poetry. Finally, adapting the concepts of sustainability and “slow”, as well as the “home” imagination and expression of children, to lead to the reflection on the instant life of “here and now”. On the framework of writing of this research, a poetry-like structure is used to inquire the critique and the introspection unceasingly in many chapters in order to unfold the “invisible” essence of existence of human being and their spaces as a way of reflection and action to confront the individual “living” of urbanization process.

“Home” is a carrier of dwellers’ daily living and their blood life, but the concept of “home” has always been forgotten in those “modernistic boxes” In the urban process. In recall of the thinking of “Being of triad” of “sky-human-earth” in Chinese philosophy, perhaps the “ground” of “non-earth” created by the “roof annex” might imply a possibility of alternative typology in the future urban structure.

並列關鍵字

home ； phenomenon of living ； roof annex ； sky-human-earth ； survival and daily life ； being

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