焦點解決取向團體對國小高年級學童人際溝通成效之行動研究

十二年國民基本教育注重溝通互動的素養，人際溝通能力會影響孩童社會發展及心理健康。在研究者的教學經驗裡發現，許多學童因為身心發展及影音媒體的影響，學童之間會有爭執甚至關係霸凌的情形，此情況尤以國小高年級學童最為嚴重。故而本研究旨在了解國小高年級學童參加焦點解決取向(Solution-Focused Approach)的團體經驗，以及其人際溝通能力之改變歷程。本研究採取行動研究方案，作為本研究之理論依據。研究對象以五位想提升人際溝通能力的學童，進行每週一次，每次八十分鐘，連續八次「人際溝通技巧成長營團體活動方案」的焦點解決取向團體輔導，採質性研究法，分別將輔導過程紀錄成省思札記、成員觀察記錄及觀察員的觀察與回饋…等不同觀點，採以三角驗證方式分析探討焦點解決取向提升國小高年級學生人際溝通能力之影響。本研究結果發現：一、焦點解決取向團體對國小高年級學童人際溝通之輔導成效良好，有效降低孩子衝動或內斂的個性，增進了與人接觸的意願。二、在焦點解決取向團體中，學童逐漸展現自我，學會傾聽與訴說的人際溝通能力。三、透過行動研究設計，在焦點解決取向團體中，讚美、尋求例外發生及建構解決之道，對改善國小高年級學童人際溝通能力較為有效，讓孩子學會一步一步朝目標前進，應用在未來的生活上。本研究根據研究結果加以分析討論，並對學校輔導實務工作與未來研究作建議。

關鍵字

焦點解決取向；人際溝通能力；行動研究

並列摘要

Twelve years of basic national education focus on communication and interaction, and interpersonal communication skills affect children's social development and mental health. The researcher found that many children have disputes and bullying between children because of their physical and mental development and the influence of media. This situation is serious especially in the high graders in the elementary school. Therefore, this study aimed to understand the group experience of high graders participating in the Solution-Focused Approach and the change process of their interpersonal communication skills. This study adopted an action research program as the theoretical basis for this study. The study adopted qualitative method in the data collection, students’ observation, researcher’s reflection, observer’s observation andf reflection. The study group consisted of five children who wanted to improve their interpersonal communication skills. They conducted a weekly, eighty-minute, eight-time "Interpersonal Communication Skills Growth Program". The triangle verification method was used to analyze the focus of the solution to improve the interpersonal communication ability of the high graders in the elementary school. There were three findings. First, the Solution-Focused Approach group has achieved good results in the counseling of interpersonal communication among the high graders in the elementary school, effectively reducing the child's impulsive or introverted personality and enhancing the willingness to contact with the person. Second, the students gradually showed themselves and learned to listen and speak the interpersonal communication skills.Third, through action research and design, in the Solution-Focused Approach group, praise, seek exceptions and construct solutions are more effective to improve the interpersonal communication competence. The study was analyzed and discussed according to the results. Suggestion were made to school conselling work and future study.